This work, now stepping into its tenth edition after an interval of nearly ten years, there is no gainsaying as evidenced by its steady popularity, has proved extremely useful over the years to new comers and senior members alike of the profession, as well as to judges. In spite of keen willingness to bring out this edition, considering the great demand of the book, within a reasonable span of time since the immediately earlier one went out of print, nothing could be put into concrete shape, until much recently, to transform the desire into a much-awaited reality for various reasons. Now that it has ultimately come out after a long period of uncertainty overlapping its period of actual gestation even, the practical users may feel overall satisfaction.""The necessity of such a work cannot be overemphasized since neophytes-and even experienced lawyers now and then-find themselves in a quandary as to how to proceed properly in day-to-day Court engagements, left as they are surrounded by heaps of case laws of all sorts marking each page. With nothing in the shape of a practical book, irrespective of the chance or fortune of being helped by a sound mentor or senior in the line, to guide a newcomer on the right track and make him conversant consistently and layer by layer with the intricate practice and procedure of a Civil Court, as well as with the large variety and number of rules governing judicial business, it becomes very difficult for the young beginner to negotiate the uncharted terrain in professional life. ""Because the materials in the Civil Code are so wide, complex and diverse in nature that may sometime baffle even a mature mind, and to claim, even for an experienced lawyer conversance with every aspect of it, minute or otherwise, is but a futile exercise. Also, it is no easy task to assimilate the unwieldy materials, which is what the discerning author used to warn about. The book is designed to afford help in that direction so that the task of the young lawyer or the judge may be rendered easier. The rules in the Code have been boiled down, rearranged systematically as for as possible in their logical sequence and stated concisely with explanatory notes wherever necessary.
Preface .............................................................................................. v
Contents .......................................................................................... ix
Table of Cases ............................................................................... xxxv
PART I
CHAPTER 1
To the Young Lawyer ..................................................................... 3
CLASSIFICATION OF COURTS AND JURISDICTION ................................. 4
INDISPENSABLE BOOKS ..................................................................... 6
ADVOCACY AND SOUND KNOWLEDGE OF PRINCIPLES ........................... 9
THOROUGH READING OF JUDGMENTS .............................................. 11
CHAPTER 2
Practice and Procedure ................................................................ 13
LAW AND ITS OBJECT ..................................................................... 13
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE ............................................................. 13
PROCEEDING .................................................................................. 13
CIVIL PROCEEDING ......................................................................... 13
PROCEDURE ................................................................................... 14
CPC IS A COMPLETE CODE............................................................. 16
ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES ........................................................... 17
ACTING FAIRLY .............................................................................. 17
INSTITUTION OF SUITS ................................................................... 18
PROCEDURE FOR FILING WRITTEN STATEMENT.................................. 18
REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGE ........................................................... 18
MISTAKE ....................................................................................... 18
CONSENT ORDER........................................................................... 19
LOK ADALAT ................................................................................. 19
DIRECTION TO CONSIDER CASE ...................................................... 19
WITHDRAWAL OF CASE AFTER ARGUMENTS ...................................... 20
OBSERVATIONS BY JUDGES ............................................................... 20
OBSERVATIONS OF COURT ............................................................... 20
WRITING LETTERS TO JUDGES ......................................................... 21
ELECTRICITY ACT........................................................................... 21
LIST OF WITNESS ........................................................................... 21
VALIDITY OF A PROVISION ............................................................... 22
SAME TERM USED IN DIFFERENT STATUTES ...................................... 22
VALIDITY OF PROVISION ................................................................. 22
PRECEDENT ................................................................................... 22
PLACING CASE BEFORE FULL BENCH ................................................ 23
CHAPTER 3
Taking Instructions and Giving Advice ....................................... 25
TAKING INSTRUCTIONS AND GIVING ADVICE ................................... 25
CHAPTER 4
Pleadings — Appointment of Pleader ......................................... 31
[A] Pleadings ........................................................................ 31
DRAFTING OF PLEADINGS................................................................ 31
RULES AS TO PLEADINGS ................................................................. 34
MATERIAL FACTS ........................................................................... 39
Facts, Not Law ................................................................................40
Special Rules About Material Facts ................................................40
OTHER RULES ................................................................................ 44
PLEADINGS, HOW TO BE INTERPRETED ............................................. 45
ALTERNATIVE AND INCONSISTENT PLEADINGS ................................... 46
SIGNING AND VERIFICATION OF PLEADINGS ....................................... 49
Address for Service of Notice .........................................................52
Amendment of Pleadings ...............................................................53
Supervisory Jurisdiction (Amendment, Order 6, Rule 17 CPC) ...54
Revision ..........................................................................................62
[B] Appointment of Pleader .................................................. 62
APPOINTMENT OF PLEADER (ORDER 3, RULE 4) ................................. 62
APPOINTMENT OF PLEADER.— ........................................................ 62
EXECUTION OF VAKALATNAMA AND MODE OF ACCEPTANCE ............... 65
FORM OF ACCEPTANCE ................................................................... 65
CHAPTER 5
Constitution of Courts — Civil Suits — Jurisdiction and Res Judicata .. 69
GRADES OF COURT ......................................................................... 69
COURTS OF SPECIAL JURISDICTION .................................................. 70
SUITS OF A CIVIL NATURE ............................................................... 70
STAY OF SUIT ................................................................................. 81
RES JUDICATA ................................................................................ 85
Consent or Waiver of Jurisdiction ................................................ 107
PLACE OF SUING............................................................................107
Court in Which to Institute ........................................................ 107
Where to Institute Suits .............................................................. 108
1976 Amendment ....................................................................... 116
Objections to Jurisdiction ............................................................ 116
CHAPTER 6
Frame of Suit and Relief .............................................................119
FRAME OF THE SUIT ......................................................................119
RELIEF ..........................................................................................124
CHAPTER 7
Parties to Suits and Causes of Action .........................................129
JOINDER OF PARTIES AND CAUSES OF ACTION ..................................129
WHO MAY BE JOINED AS PLAINTIFF ................................................129
MISJOINDER OF PARTIES ................................................................131
WHO MAY BE JOINED AS DEFENDANTS ...........................................133
SUIT BY WRONG PLAINTIFF ............................................................136
Striking Out and Addition of Parties .......................................... 136
REPRESENTATIVE SUIT BY OR AGAINST NUMEROUS PERSONS ..............141
WHAT CAUSES OF ACTION MAY BE JOINED IN THE SAME SUIT ..........142
PROCEDURE IN CASE OF MISJOINDER OR NONJOINDER .....................143
CHAPTER 8
Plaint—Valuation and Court-Fee—Documents with the Plaint ......... 145
PLAINT .........................................................................................145
(A) Particulars to be Contained in Plaint ................................ 145
(B) Facts Plaint should Contain, Mode of Statement and Relief
Claimed .............................................................................. 147
ALTERNATIVE OR INCONSISTENT PLEADINGS AND RELIEFS .................154
EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO SUIT AND RELIEF ......................................154
VALUATION AND COURT-FEE ...........................................................155
VALUATION OF A SUIT FOR THE PURPOSE OF JURISDICTION ..............156
COURT FEES PAYABLE ON A PLAINT IN A SUIT .................................158
VALUATION AND COURT-FEE IN CERTAIN CLASS OF SUITS..................160
Account Suit ................................................................................ 161
Administration Suit ..................................................................... 161
Adoption Suit .............................................................................. 161
Cancellation of Document .......................................................... 162
Damages or Compensations......................................................... 162
Declaratory Decree and Consequential Relief ............................. 163
Dower Suits ................................................................................. 164
Ejectment Suits ........................................................................... 164
Landlord and Tenant ................................................................... 165
Licensor and Licensee .................................................................. 165
Maintenance ................................................................................ 165
Mesne Profits .............................................................................. 165
Mortgage ..................................................................................... 166
Moveable Property ...................................................................... 166
Partition ....................................................................................... 166
Partnership .................................................................................. 167
Pre-emption ................................................................................. 168
SETTING ASIDE SUMMARY DECISIONS OF CIVIL COURTS ...................169
Specific Performance ................................................................... 169
PLAINT IN MONEY SUITS ...............................................................169
PLAINT IN IMMOVABLE PROPERTY ....................................................170
LANGUAGE OF PLAINT ....................................................................170
PAPER TO BE USED ........................................................................170
SIGNING AND VERFICATION OF PLAINTS ..........................................170
FILING OF REGISTERED ADDRESS OF THE PARTY ...............................171
STAMPING OF THE PLAINT ..............................................................171
PRODUCTION AND FILING OF DOCUMENTS WITH THE PLAINT ..........172
FILING OF COPIES OF THE PLAINT ..................................................173
CHAPTER 9
Institution and Transfer of Suits—Return or Rejection of Plaint ........ 175
PRESENTATION OF PLAINT ..............................................................175
WHO MAY PRESENT PLAINTS .........................................................175
TRANSFER OF SUIT ........................................................................176
RETURN OF PLAINT .......................................................................177
REJECTION OF PLAINT ...................................................................181
CHAPTER 10
Issue and Service of Summons ...................................................187
PAYMENT OF PROCESS-FEES .............................................................187
LANGUAGE OF PROCESS ..................................................................187
ISSUE OF SUMMONS TO DEFENDANT ...............................................188
MODE OF SERVICE OF SUMMONS ....................................................190
MODE OF SERVICE IN OTHER CASES ...............................................195
SERVICE OF FOREIGN SUMMONS ......................................................196
SERVICE OF SUMMONS WHERE DEFENDANT RESIDES .........................196
SERVICE WITHIN PRESIDENCY TOWNS OR SUMMONS ISSUED BY COURTS
OUTSIDE .................................................................................197
SUBSTITUTION OF LETTERS FOR SUMMONS......................................197
CHAPTER 11
Procedure After Service of Summons — Appearance or Nonappearance
at First Hearing or at an Adjourned Hearing —
Setting Aside Ex Parte Decree ..............................................199
A. Appearance or Non-appearance of Parties at First Hearing
and its Consequence ...................................................... 199
APPEARANCE ON THE DAY FIXED IN THE SUMMONS ..........................199
WHERE SUMMONS NOT SERVED IN CONSEQUENCE OF PLAINTIFF’S
FAILURE TO PAY COSTS .............................................................199
WHERE PLAINTIFF ONLY APPEARS ...................................................201
Where Defendant Appears on the Day of Adjourned Hearing ... 202
WHERE DEFENDANT ONLY APPEARS ................................................203
NON-ATTENDANCE OF ONE OR MORE OF SEVERAL PLAINTIFFS OR
DEFENDANTS ...........................................................................206
B. Appearance or Non-Appearance of Parties at Adjourned
Hearing and its Consequence ......................................... 206
NON-APPEARANCE OF ANY PARTY AT AN ADJOURNED HEARING ..........206
WHERE PLAINTIFF OR DEFENDANT ORDERED TO APPEAR IN PERSON
DOES NOT APPEAR ...................................................................208
SETTING ASIDE DECREES EX PARTE.................................................208
CHAPTER 12
Appearance of Defendant — Written Statement and Set-off .....215
APPEARANCE OF DEFENDANT .........................................................215
WRITTEN STATEMENT ...................................................................215
PRODUCTION AND FILING OF DOCUMENTS .....................................219
DRAFTING WRITTEN STATEMENTS—ITS CONTENTS ........................219
COURT-FEE ...................................................................................229
AMENDMENT OF WRITTEN STATEMENT ...........................................229
SIGNING AND VERIFICATION OF WRITTEN STATEMENT ......................229
THIRD PARTY PROCEDURE..............................................................229
CHAPTER 13
Examination of Parties by the Court at First Hearing ................231
CLEARING UP PLEADINGS ...............................................................231
EXAMINATION OF PARTIES BY COURT...............................................231
CHAPTER 14
Settlement of Issues and Disposal at First Hearing ...................235
A. Settlement of Issues ........................................................ 235
ISSUES—THEIR MATERIALS AND HOW TO FRAME THEM ..................235
ISSUES OF LAW AND OF FACT .........................................................238
JUDGMENT OF QUESTIONS OF FACT OR LAW ...................................240
B. Disposal of Suit at First Hearing .................................... 240
DISPOSAL AT FIRST HEARING WHEN PARTIES NOT AT ISSUE .............240
DISPOSAL AT FIRST HEARING WHEN PARTIES AT ISSUE .....................241
DISPOSAL AT FIRST HEARING WHEN SUMMONS WAS FOR FINAL DISPOSAL ..241
CHAPTER 15
Procedure After Settlement of Issues — Preparation for Trial ..243
A. Discovery — Inspection — Admission........................... 243
PREPARATION FOR TRIAL ................................................................243
DISCOVERY OF FACTS BY INTERROGATORIES .....................................244
RULES AS TO THE DRAFTING OF INTERROGATORIES ..........................246
OBJECTION TO ANSWERING INTERROGATORIES ................................246
ANSWER TO INTERROGATORIES .......................................................247
DISCOVERY OF DOCUMENTS ..........................................................247
PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS LISTED IN AFFIDAVIT ........................249
INSPECTION OF DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN PLEADINGS OF AFFIDAVITS .... 250
PENALTY FOR NON-COMPLIANCE WITH ORDER .................................251
B. Other Interlocutory Proceedings Preparatory to
Trial or During the Progress of the Suit .......................... 253
COMMISSIONS...............................................................................253
OTHER INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATIONS ...........................................253
CHAPTER 16
Production, Impounding, Return and Calling for of Documents ........ 255
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE ..............................................................255
ENDORSEMENT ON DOCUMENTS ....................................................258
IMPOUNDING OF DOCUMENT BY COURT .........................................259
RETURN OF DOCUMENTS ADMITTED IN EVIDENCE...........................260
CALLING FOR DOCUMENT FROM COURTS ........................................260
CHAPTER 17
Summoning and Attendance of Witnesses — Adjournments ....263
A. Summoning Witnesses ................................................... 263
SUMMONING WITNESSES ................................................................263
POWER TO REQUIRE PERSON PRESENT IN COURT .............................265
OBLIGATIONS OF WITNESS AFTER ATTENDANCE ..............................266
NO SUMMONS TO A WITNESS ........................................................266
NON-APPEARANCE OF WITNESS .......................................................266
COURT MAY OF ITS OWN ACCORD SUMMON ..................................268
CONSEQUENCE OF REFUSAL OF PARTY..............................................268
RULES AS TO WITNESSES TO APPLY ..................................................268
ATTENDANCE OF WITNESS CONFINED ............................................268
B. Adjournments ................................................................ 269
GRANTING OF TIME AND ADJOURNMENT OF SUIT .........................269
ADJOURNMENT .............................................................................271
CHAPTER 18
Hearing of the Suit—Examination of Witnesses—Affidavit ......273
A. Opening of Case ............................................................ 273
OPENING OF THE CASE ..................................................................273
OPENING DEFENDANT’S CASE ........................................................275
RIGHT TO BEGIN AND PRODUCTION OF EVIDENCE...........................275
B. Examination of Witnesses............................................... 279
EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES .........................................................279
COMPETENCY OF WITNESS AND OATH ............................................279
ORDER OF EXAMINATION ...............................................................279
ORDERING OUT OF THE COURT ...................................................280
EXAMINATION AND RELEVANCY .......................................................280
EXAMINATION-IN-CHIEF ................................................................280
EVIDENCE ON AFFIDAVITS ..............................................................281
CROSS-EXAMINATION ....................................................................283
LIABILITY TO AND RIGHT OF CROSS-EXAMINATION ..........................284
QUESTIONS THAT MAY OR MAY NOT BE ASKED..............................285
WHEN QUESTION IS RULED OUT BY COURT ...................................286
PURPOSELESS OF INCAUTIOUS CROSS-EXAMINATION ..........................286
LEADING QUESTIONS ....................................................................287
CONTRADICTION IN CROSS-EXAMINATION .......................................288
CROSS-EXAMINATION AS TO CREDIT................................................288
CONTRADICTION WHEN NOT ALLOWED .........................................289
CROSS-EXAMINING ONE’S OWN WITNESS ......................................290
CAN A PARTY CROSS-EXAMINE HIMSELF? ........................................290
JUDGE’S POWER TO INTERFERE IN LENGTHY CROSS-EXAMINATION .....290
CROSS-EXAMINATION UPON ANSWERS.............................................290
RE-EXAMINATION...........................................................................291
MODE OF RECORDING EVIDENCE ...................................................291
RECALLING AND EXAMINING WITNESS .............................................292
INSPECTION BY COURT ..................................................................292
CHAPTER 19
Address to the Court and Reply .................................................297
ARGUING THE CASE .......................................................................297
CHAPTER 20
Judgment, Decree, Interest and Costs — Inherent Power of Court .... 305
A. Judgment, Decree, Interest And Costs ............................ 305
JUDGMENT ...................................................................................305
Judgment on admissions .............................................................. 310
DECREE ........................................................................................311
AMENDMENT OF JUDGMENT, DECREE OR ORDER..............................312
DECREE MAY ORDER PAYMENT BY INSTALMENTS ..............................314
CONTENTS OF DECREE IN VARIOUS CLASSES OF SUITS ......................315
INTEREST .....................................................................................320
COST ...........................................................................................325
COMPENSATORY COSTS .................................................................326
B. Inherent Powers of Court ............................................... 327
INHERENT POWERS OF COURT ........................................................327
CHAPTER 21
Execution of Decrees and Orders — Restitution .......................335
A. Execution of Decrees, Attachment, Sale, Claim, etc. ........ 335
EXECUTION OF DECREES ................................................................335
MODE OF EXECUTION ...................................................................337
TIME LIMIT FOR EXECUTION OF DECREES .......................................337
PAYMENT OF DECREE—MONEY OR ADJUSTMENT .............................340
AGAINST WHOM EXECUTION MAY BE APPLIED FOR...........................345
WHO MAY APPLY FOR EXECUTION ..................................................347
COURT BY WHICH DECREES MAY BE EXECUTED —TRANSFER OF DECREES... 351
TRANSFER OF DECREE OF ANOTHER STATE ......................................353
EXECUTION OF DECREES IN FOREIGN TERRITORY (SEE SECTION 45) ..353
RESULT OF EXECUTION PROCEEDINGS .............................................353
POWERS OF EXECUTING COURT ......................................................354
SIMULTANEOUS EXECUTION ............................................................357
EXECUTION OR PRECEPT ................................................................357
EXECUTION IN CASE OF CROSS-DECREES AND CROSS-CLAIMS ............358
FILING APPLICATION FOR EXECUTION..............................................359
PROCEDURE ON RECEIVING APPLICATION FOR EXECUTION .................363
NOTICE BEFORE ORDERING EXECUTION IN CERTAIN CASES ..............364
PROCEDURE AFTER ISSUE OF NOTICE ..............................................366
STAY OF EXECUTION ......................................................................367
DEATH OF DECREE-HOLDER OF JUDGMENT-DEBTOR DURING
EXECUTION PROCEEDINGS .........................................................370
MODE OF EXECUTION OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF DECREES.................370
EXECUTION BY ARREST ..................................................................376
EXECUTION OF DECREES AND ORDERS — RESTITUTION
MODE OF EXECUTION OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF DECREES ............376
ARREST UNDER ANY PROVISION NOT RELATING TO EXECUTION ........377
EXECUTION AGAINST PROPERTY — WHAT ARE LIABLE TO
ATTACHMENT AND WHAT ARE NOT ............................................378
DISCOVERY OF PROPERTY FOR PURPOSE OF EXECUTION .....................380
MODE OF ATTACHMENT OF MOVEABLE PROPERTY, ETC ....................380
ATTACHMENT OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY ..........................................387
ATTACHMENT OF PROPERTY UNDER ANY PROVISION NOT
RELATING TO EXECUTION ..........................................................388
REMOVAL OR DETERMINATION OF ATTACHMENT ..............................388
ALIENATION AFTER ATTACHMENT ..................................................389
OBJECTIONS TO EXECUTION (EG TO ATTACHMENT, SALE, ETC)
BY THE PARTIES TO THE SUIT (SECTION 47). ...............................390
ADJUDICATION OF CLAIMS TO, OR OBJECTIONS TO,
ATTACHMENT OF PROPERTY .......................................................395
STAY OF SALE ................................................................................396
RULES RELATING TO SALE GENERALLY ..............................................399
SALE OF MOVEABLE PROPERTY ........................................................404
DELIVERY OF MOVEABLE PROPERTY AFTER SALE ................................405
SALE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY .......................................................405
SETTING ASIDE SALE OF MOVEABLE PROPERTY .................................408
SETTING ASIDE SALE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY BY DEPOSIT OF
DECREE-DEBT, ETC ...................................................................408
SETTING ASIDE SALE ON GROUND OF IRREGULARITY OR FRAUD .........411
APPLICATION BY PURCHASER TO SET ASIDE SALE ..............................416
SALE WHEN TO BECOME ABSOLUTE OR BE SET ASIDE .......................417
RETURN OF PURCHASE MONEY ON A SALE BEING SET ASIDE ............419
GRANT OF SALE CERTIFICATE TO PURCHASER .................................420
DISPOSAL OF SALE PROCEEDS— RATEABLE DISTRIBUTION—PRIORITY ....... 422
MODE OF DELIVERY OF POSSESSION TO PURCHASER .........................424
RESISTANCE TO DELIVERY OF POSSESSION OF DECREE-HOLDER
OR PURCHASER .........................................................................425
DISPOSSESSION OF DECREE-HOLDER OR AUCTION PURCHASER
DURING EXECUTION AND RECOVERY OF POSSESSION ...................426
HEARING OF APPLICATION..............................................................429
SETTING ASIDE ORDERS PASSED EX PARTE ETC................................430
B. Restitution ..................................................................... 430
RESTITUTION ...............................................................................430
CHAPTER 22
Death, Marriage and Insolvency of Parties — Devolution
of Interest During Pendency of Suit .....................................435
NO ABATEMENT BY DEATH IF RIGHT TO SUE SURVIVES .....................435
DEATH OF ONE OF SEVERAL PLAINTIFFS OR OF SOLE PLAINTIFF .........438
DEATH OF ONE OF SEVERAL DEFENDANTS OR OF SOLE DEFENDANT ..441
PROCEDURE WHERE THERE IS NO LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE .................442
DETERMINATION OF QUESTION AS TO LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE ..........447
MARRIAGE OF FEMALE PARTY ..........................................................448
INSOLVENCY OF PLAINTIFF ..............................................................448
REMEDY IN CASE OF ABATEMENT OR DISMISSAL OF SUIT...................449
ASSIGNMENT OR DEVOLUTION OF INTEREST ....................................451
DUTY OF PLEADER TO COMMUNICATE TO COURT DEATH OF PARTY ..451
APPLICATION TO APPEALS ...............................................................454
APPLICATION TO EXECUTION..........................................................455
CHAPTER 23
Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits ..........................................457
A. Withdrawal and Compromise of Suits ............................ 457
WITHDRAWAL OF SUITS .................................................................457
COMPROMISE OF SUIT ...................................................................461
BAR TO SUIT ................................................................................462
NO AGREEMENT OR COMPROMISE TO BE ENTERED ...........................463
APPLICATION TO EXECUTION..........................................................464
Payment by Defendant in Satisfaction of Claim .................. 468
PAYMENT OF AMOUNT OF CLAIM INTO COURT ................................468
CHAPTER 24
Incidental Proceedings: Commissions — Security for
Costs — Surety ....................................................................471
COMMISSIONS...............................................................................471
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO COMMISSION............................471
POWERS OF COMMISSIONER............................................................472
COMMISSIONS TO EXAMINE WITNESSES ...........................................473
COMMISSIONS FOR LOCAL INVESTIGATIONS .....................................476
COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION..................................479
COMMISSION FOR PERFORMANCE OF MINISTERIAL ACT ....................479
COMMISSION FOR THE SALE OF MOVABLE PROPERTY .........................479
COMMISSIONER TO EXAMINE ACCOUNTS.........................................480
COMMISSIONS TO MAKE PARTITION ...............................................480
SECURITY FOR COSTS ....................................................................482
ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITY OF SURETY ..........................................483
CHAPTER 25
Supplemental Proceedings — Arrest or Attachment Before
Judgment —Temporary Injunction — Receiver ...................485
GENERAL PROVISIONS ....................................................................485
ARREST BEFORE JUDGMENT ............................................................486
ATTACHMENT BEFORE JUDGMENT ..................................................486
TEMPORARY INJUNCTION ...............................................................491
OTHER INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS ...................................................505
ARREST OR ATTACHMENT OUTSIDE JURISDICTION ...........................506
COMPENSATION FOR OBTAINING ARREST ........................................507
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVER ...........................................................508
CHAPTER 26
Suits in Particular Cases — Suits by or Against Government —
Suits by or Against Minors — Mortgage Suits .....................515
SUITS BY OR AGAINST GOVERNMENT...............................................515
SUIT BY ALIENS AND BY OR AGAINST FOREIGN RULES .......................522
SUITS INVOLVING ANY SUCH QUESTIONS ........................................523
SUITS BY OR AGAINST MILITARY .....................................................523
SUITS BY OR AGAINST CORPORATIONS.............................................523
SUITS BY OR AGAINST FIRMS ..........................................................524
SUIT AGAINST PERSON CARRYING ON BUSINESS ...............................528
EXECUTION OF DECREE AGAINST A FIRM ........................................528
SUITS BY OR AGAINST TRUSTEES ....................................................529
SUITS RELATING TO PUBLIC NUISANCES ..........................................530
SUIT RELATING TO PUBLIC CHARITIES .............................................531
REPRESENTATIVE SUIT BY ONE OR MORE PERSONS ...........................534
SUIT BY OR AGAINST MINORS ........................................................537
SUITS RELATING TO MATTERS CONCERNING THE FAMILY..................545
SUITS BY INDIGENT PERSONS .........................................................546
SUITS RELATING TO MORTGAGES ....................................................554
Parties to Mortgage Suits ............................................................. 557
Foreclosure Suit – Preliminary Decree ........................................ 558
Suit for Sale – Preliminary Decree .............................................. 559
When Sale-proceeds are Insufficient ........................................... 561
Suit for Redemption – Preliminary Decree. ............................... 562
Other rules relating to Mortgage—Suits ..................................... 564
DEPOSIT OF MORTGAGE MONEY IN COURT BY MORTGAGOR.............567
INTERPLEADER SUITS .....................................................................568
SPECIAL CASE ................................................................................569
SUMMARY PROCEDURE ...................................................................569
Institution and Procedure of Summary Suits ............................. 570
SCOPE ..........................................................................................571
1. Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply ......... 571
2. Institution of summary suits ............................................. 573
3. Procedure for the appearance of defendant ....................... 573
CHAPTER 27
Other Interlocutory Orders or Incidental Proceedings —
Miscellaneous .......................................................................581
INTERIM SALE ...............................................................................581
DETENTION, PRESERVATION, INSPECTION ETC OF
SUBJECT-MATTER OF SUIT ...................................................... 581
IMMEDIATE POSSESSION OF LAND ...................................................581
ADVERSE POSSESSION ....................................................................581
DEPOSIT OF MONEY ETC IN COURT ................................................582
EXEMPTION FROM PERSONAL APPEARANCE .......................................582
EXEMPTION FROM ARREST UNDER CIVIL PROCESS ............................582
COURT’S POWER TO ENLARGE TIME................................................583
POWER OF COURT TO REQUEST ANY PLEADER TO ADDRESS IT ..........586
POWER OF COURT TO PERMIT A PERSON OR BODY OF PERSONS
TO PRESENT OPINION OR TO TAKE PART IN THE PROCEEDINGS ...586
AMENDMENT OF JUDGMENTS, DECREE AND ORDERS ........................586
ORDER AND NOTICES TO BE IN WRITING ........................................586
PROCESSES TO BE SERVED AT THE EXPENSE OF PARTY ISSUING ............587
COSTS OF SERVICE .........................................................................587
ORDERS AND NOTICES HOW SERVED ..............................................587
POSTAGE ......................................................................................587
CHAPTER 28
Reference, Review and Revision .................................................589
REFERENCE ...................................................................................589
Reference as to Jurisdiction in Small Causes ............................... 590
POWER OF DISTRICT COURT TO REFER TO HIGH COURT .................590
REVIEW ........................................................................................591
REVISION ......................................................................................598
CHAPTER 29
Appeals—Remand......................................................................609
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO APPEAL .....................................609
APPEALS FROM ORIGINAL DECREES ..................................................613
PROCEDURE ON ADMISSION OF APPEAL............................................617
PROCEDURE ON HEARING...............................................................618
REMAND BY APPELLATE COURT .......................................................622
ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE IN APPELLATE COURT ..................................625
JUDGMENT IN APPEAL ....................................................................631
DECREE IN APPEAL .........................................................................635
SECOND APPEAL TO THE HIGH COURT............................................635
PROCEDURE IN APPEALS FROM APPELLATE DECREES ...........................650
APPEAL FROM ORDERS ...................................................................650
RIGHT TO CHALLENGE NON-APPEALABLE ORDERS ............................652
APPEALS BY INDIGENT PERSONS .....................................................654
APPEALS TO THE SUPREME COURT .................................................654
PART II
Introduction ...............................................................................657
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES OUTSIDE COURT ...................................657
1. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (26 of 1996) ....... 658
ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS ...........................................................658
ARBITRATION ................................................................................660
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT..............................................................661
ARBITRATION CLAUSE ....................................................................662
ARBITRATION WITHOUT INTERVENTION OF COURT ..........................663
Power of Court to Modify Award ................................................ 673
Grounds for Setting Aside Award ................................................ 673
ARBITRATION IN PENDING SUITS ....................................................682
POWER OF COURT TO AWARD INTEREST ..........................................685
JURISDICTION ...............................................................................687
BAR TO SUITS CONTESTING ARBITRATION AGREEMENT ....................689
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT OR AWARD TO BE CONTESTED .................689
Stay of Legal Proceedings where there is an Arbitration Agreement ...... 695
Execution of Contract ................................................................. 696
Power of ....................................................................................... 696
Stay—Grant of ............................................................................ 697
Appeals ........................................................................................ 698
Miscellaneous .............................................................................. 699
Foreign Awards ............................................................................. 700
2. Lok Adalat and Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987....... 701
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................701
Relevant Provisions of Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 702
Chapter VI ......................................................................... 702
LOK ADALAT ................................................................................702
19. Organization of Lok Adalat ............................................... 702
Comments ................................................................................... 703
20. Cognizance of cases by Lok Adalat .................................... 703
21. Award of Lok Adalat .......................................................... 704
22. Powers of Lok Adalat or Permanent Lok Adalat ................. 704
Chapter VI-A...................................................................... 705
PRE-LITIGATION, CONCILIATION AND SETTLEMENT ..........................705
22-A. Definitions ........................................................................ 705
22-B. Establishment of Permanent Lok Adalat ........................... 706
22-C. Cognizance of cases by Permanent Lok Adalat .................. 706
22-D. Procedure of Permanent Lok Adalat ................................. 708
22-E. Procedure of Permanent Lok Adalat to be Final ................ 708
3. Provincial Small Cause Courts Act (9 of 1887) ................ 711
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SMALL CAUSE COURTS .........................711
TRIAL AND PROCEDURE .................................................................713
FINALITY OF DECISION—REVISION.................................................713
SETTING ASIDE EX PARTE DECREE ..................................................717
RETURN OF PLAINT IN SUITS ..........................................................718
TRANSFER OF SUIT FROM A SMALL CAUSE COURT............................719
SUITS WHICH ARE SMALL CAUSE .....................................................720
4. Provincial Insolvency Act (5 of 1920) .............................. 720
ACT OF INSOLVENCY ......................................................................721
WHO CAN APPLY ..........................................................................721
WHEN CREDITOR CAN APPLY .........................................................722
WHEN DEBTOR CAN APPLY ............................................................723
STATE AMENDMENTS .....................................................................723
CONTENTS OF INSOLVENCY PETITION .............................................724
PROCEDURE AND HEARING .............................................................726
COMPENSATION FOR FRIVOLOUS PETITION BY CREDITOR ..................728
ORDER OF ADJUDICATION..............................................................728
STAY OF PENDING PROCEEDING ......................................................729
PUBLICATION ................................................................................729
PROCEEDINGS AFTER ADJUDICATION ...............................................729
COMPOSITION ..............................................................................729
DISCHARGE ..................................................................................729
OFFENCE BY DEBTORS ...................................................................730
DISQUALIFICATION ........................................................................730
APPEAL .........................................................................................730
5. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 ........................................... 731
APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT ...........................................................731
PUBLICATION OF PRELIMINARY NOTIFICATION.................................731
HEARING OF OBJECTIONS ..............................................................732
DECLARATION THAT THE LAND IS REQUIRED ...................................733
AFTER DECLARATION COLLECTOR TO TAKE ORDER FOR ACQUISITION 743
NOTICE TO PERSONS INTERESTED ..................................................743
ENQUIRY INTO MEASUREMENTS ......................................................743
TAKING POSSESSION .....................................................................745
REFERENCE TO COURT ...................................................................746
MISCELLANEOUS............................................................................754
APPEAL .........................................................................................754
6. Specific Relief Act (47 of 1963) ...................................... 755
SPECIFIC RELIEF .............................................................................755
DISPOSSESSION FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY ....................................756
CASES IN WHICH SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT ENFORCEABLE ...... 760
RECTIFICATION OF INSTRUMENT ....................................................778
When Instrument May Be Rectified ........................................... 778
RESCISSION OF CONTRACTS ...........................................................779
Termination of Agency ................................................................ 781
ALTERNATIVE PRAYER FOR RESCISSION .............................................782
Alternative Prayer for Rescission in Suit for Specific Performance ........ 782
COURT MAY REQUIRE PARTIES RESCINDING TO DO EQUITY ..............782
CANCELLATION OF INSTRUMENTS ...................................................783
When Cancellation May Be Ordered .......................................... 783
WHEN INSTRUMENTS MAY BE PARTIALLY CANCELLED .......................784
DECLARATORY SUITS .....................................................................785
INJUNCTION .................................................................................789
Temporary and Perpetual Injunction ........................................... 789
PERPETUAL INJUNCTION WHEN GRANTED .......................................791
MANDATORY INJUNCTIONS ............................................................792
DAMAGES IN LIEU OF, OR IN ADDITION TO, INJUNCTION..................793
INJUNCTION WHEN REFUSED .........................................................793
INJUNCTION TO PERFORM NEGATIVE AGREEMENT ............................794
7. Probate and Letters of Administration ............................ 795
SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF ACT ...................................................796
TO WHOM PROBATE OR LETTERS MAY BE GRANTED ........................798
EFFECT OF PROBATE ......................................................................800
WHICH COURT TO APPLY...............................................................801
APPLICATION FOR PROBATE ............................................................802
APPLICATION FOR LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION ..............................803
SIGNATURE AND VERIFICATION ........................................................804
COURT-FEE STAMP ........................................................................804
AFFIDAVIT AND SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY ..........................................804
Schedule III of Court Fees Act (See S 19-I) ................................ 804
ANNEXURE A ................................................................................805
ANNEXURE B ................................................................................806
Schedule of Debts, Etc ................................................................ 806
PROCEDURE ..................................................................................806
CAVEATS .......................................................................................808
NOTICE TO COLLECTOR AND VALUATION ........................................809
FORM...........................................................................................809
BOND ..........................................................................................809
ACCOUNT ....................................................................................810
REVOCATION OF GRANT ................................................................810
DUTY ON PROBATE OR LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION ......................812
8. Succession Certificate ..................................................... 812
APPLICATION FOR A CERTIFICATE ....................................................815
DEBT OR SECURITY .......................................................................816
COURT-FEE ...................................................................................818
LIMITATION ..................................................................................818
DEPOSIT OF FEE............................................................................818
PROCEDURE AND HEARING .............................................................818
CONTENTS OF CERTIFICATE AND EFFECT .........................................819
CERTIFICATE WHEN INVALID ..........................................................820
REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATE .........................................................820
APPEALS REMAND ..........................................................................821
APPEAL .........................................................................................821
9. Guardian and Wards Act (8 of 1890) .............................. 821
WHICH COURT TO APPLY...............................................................824
PERSONS ENTITLED TO APPLY .........................................................824
CONTENTS OF APPLICATION...........................................................825
Court Fee ..................................................................................... 826
PROCEDURE AFTER ADMISSION OF APPLICATION ...............................826
HEARING AND APPOINTMENT .........................................................828
MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED BY THE COURT IN APPOINTING GUARDIAN .... 828
WHEN GUARDIAN NOT TO BE APPOINTED ......................................829
DUTIES OF GUARDIAN—ALIENATION..............................................830
REMOVAL OF GUARDIAN .................................................................832
CESSATION OF GUARDIANSHIP ........................................................832
APPEALS AND FINALITY OF ORDERS .................................................832
WRIT PETITION FOR GUARDIANSHIP ...............................................833
INTER-COUNTRY ADOPTION ...........................................................834
10. Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (32 of 1956).... 834
DEFINITIONS ................................................................................834
POWERS OF NATURAL GUARDIAN ....................................................836
11. Mental Health Act, 1987 (14 of 1987) .......................... 839
12. The Fatal Accidents Act (13 of 1855) ........................... 843
COMPENSATION TO CERTAIN REPRESENTATIVES ................................843
13. The Registration Act (16 of 1908) ................................ 847
DOCUMENTS COMPULSORILY REGISTRABLE ......................................847
DOCUMENTS OF WHICH REGISTRATION IS OPTIONAL ......................849
EFFECT OF REGISTRATION AND NON-REGISTRATION .........................855
Effect of Registration and Non-Registration of Documents
Compulsorily Registrable ............................................................ 855
TIME FOR PRESENTING FOR REGISTRATION .....................................858
PLACE OF REGISTRATION ................................................................859
WHO MAY PRESENT FOR REGISTRATION ..........................................860
PROCEDURE ON ADMISSION OR DENIAL OF EXECUTION BEFORE
THE REGISTERING OFFICER ........................................................861
REFUSAL OF REGISTERING OFFICER TO REGISTER ..............................861
CIVIL SUIT WHEN REGISTRAR REFUSES REGISTRATION ......................862
14. Indian Stamp Act 1899 (2 of 1899) .............................. 864
BOND ..........................................................................................864
PROMISSORY NOTE ........................................................................864
AGREEMENT ..................................................................................867
Attestation ................................................................................... 868
USE OF ADHESIVE STAMPS ..............................................................868
OBLIGATION TO GIVE RECEIPT .......................................................869
EXAMINATION AND IMPOUNDING OF INSTRUMENTS ..........................870
INADMISSIBILITY OF INSTRUMENTS .................................................871
Inadmissibility of Instruments Not Duly Stamped .................... 871
POWER OF PAYER TO STAMP UNSTAMPED PRONOTE, ETC...................875
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF A DEBT ......................................................875
STAMP DUTY ON VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS ........................................877
15. Marriage Laws in India ................................................ 877
I. HINDU MARRIAGE ACT, 1955 ....................................................877
APPLICATION OF ACT ....................................................................878
DEFINITIONS ................................................................................879
OVERRIDING EFFECT OF ACT .........................................................880
CONDITIONS FOR A HINDU MARRIAGE ...........................................881
REGISTRATION OF HINDU MARRIAGES.............................................881
RESTITUTION OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS...............................................882
JUDICIAL SEPARATION ....................................................................884
CRUELTY .......................................................................................886
ADULTERY .....................................................................................890
Effect of New Amendment ......................................................... 890
VOID MARRIAGES ..........................................................................890
VOIDABLE MARRIAGES ...................................................................891
IMPOTENCY ..................................................................................893
UNSOUNDNESS OF MIND...............................................................894
CONSENT BY FORCE OR FRAUD.......................................................894
DIVORCE ......................................................................................895
ALTERNATE RELIEF IN DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS..................................897
Divorce by Mutual Consent ........................................................ 897
Adultery ....................................................................................... 898
Unsoundness of Mind.— ............................................................ 899
Virulent and Incurable Leprosy ................................................... 900
Non-compliance with Decree for Judicial Separation ................. 900
Non-compliance with the Decree for Restitution of Conjugal Rights ... 901
Additional Grounds of Wife ........................................................ 902
Delay 904
Joint Petition of Divorce ............................................................. 905
NO PETITION FOR DIVORCE TO BE PRESENTED ................................908
DIVORCED PERSONS WHEN MAY MARRY AGAIN ..............................908
LEGITIMACY OF CHILDREN OF VOID AND VOIDABLE MARRIAGE ..........909
PUNISHMENT OF BIGAMY ...............................................................909
PUNISHMENT FOR CONTRAVENTION................................................910
COURT TO WHICH PETITION SHALL BE PRESENTED ..........................910
CONTENTS AND VERIFICATION OF PETITIONS ..................................910
APPLICATION OF ACT (5 OF 1908) .................................................911
POWER TO TRANSFER PETITIONS IN CERTAIN CASES ........................911
SPECIAL PROVISION RELATING TO TRIAL .........................................912
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE ..............................................................912
PROCEEDINGS TO BE IN CAMERA .....................................................912
DECREE IN PROCEEDINGS ...............................................................912
RELIEF FOR RESPONDENT IN DIVORCE AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS .....914
MAINTENANCE PENDENTE LITE AND EXPENSES OF PROCEEDINGS ......914
PERMANENT ALIMONY AND MAINTENANCE ......................................915
CUSTODY OF CHILDREN ................................................................916
DISPOSAL OF PROPERTY .................................................................917
APPEALS FORM DECREES AND ORDERS .............................................917
ENFORCEMENT OF DECREES AND ORDERS .......................................918
SAVINGS .......................................................................................918
II. SPECIAL MARRIAGE ACT, 1954 ..................................................918
Scope ........................................................................................... 918
Conditions Relating to Solemnisation of Special Marriages ....... 919
Notice of Intended Marriage ....................................................... 920
Marriage Notice Book and Publication ....................................... 920
Objection to Marriage ................................................................. 921
Procedure on Receipt of Objection ............................................. 921
Power of Marriage Officer in Respect of Inquiries ...................... 922
Declaration by Parties and Witnesses .......................................... 922
Place and Form of Solemnisation ................................................ 922
Certificate of Marriage................................................................. 923
Registration of Marriages Celebrated in Other Forms ................. 923
Procedure for Registration ........................................................... 924
Appeals from Orders Under Section 16 ...................................... 924
Effect of Registration of Marriage Under this Chapter ............... 924
RESTITUTION OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS...............................................925
JUDICIAL SEPARATION ....................................................................925
VOID MARRIAGES ..........................................................................925
VOIDABLE MARRIAGE .....................................................................926
DIVORCE ......................................................................................927
ALTERNATIVE RELIEF IN DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS ...............................929
DIVORCE BY MUTUAL CONSENT .....................................................929
III. The Christian Marriages and Divorce .......................... 930
WHEN HUSBAND MAY PETITION FOR DISSOLUTION ........................931
WHEN WIFE MAY PETITION FOR DISSOLUTION ...............................931
CONTENTS OF PETITION ...............................................................931
ADULTERER TO BE CO-RESPONDENT ................................................931
COURT TO BE SATISFIED OF ABSENCE OF COLLUSION ....................932
DISMISSAL OF PETITION ................................................................932
POWER TO COURT TO PRONOUNCE DECREE ....................................933
CONDONATION.............................................................................933
RELIEF IN CASE OF OPPOSITION ON CERTAIN GROUNDS ...................933
CONFIRMATION OF DECREE FOR DISSOLUTION BY DISTRICT JUDGE...934
APPOINTMENT OF OFFICER TO EXERCISE DUTIES .............................934
IV. Nullity of Marriage ....................................................... 935
PETITION FOR DECREE OF NULLITY.................................................935
GROUNDS OF DECREE ...................................................................935
CONFIRMATION OF DISTRICT JUDGE’S DECREE ................................936
BAR TO DECREE FOR DIVORCE .......................................................936
APPLICATION FOR SEPARATION MADE BY PETITION ...........................936
DECREE OF SEPARATION .................................................................936
V. Restitution of Conjugal Rights ........................................ 937
PETITION FOR RESTITUTION OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS .........................937
ANSWER TO PETITION ...................................................................937
MUSLIM LAW OF MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE ......................................937
Restitution of Conjugal Rights ................................................... 938
Dissolution of Marriage ............................................................... 938
Grounds for Decree for Dissolution of Marriage ........................ 938
16. Fast Track Courts ......................................................... 940
PART III
Forms of Pleadings, Petitions, Deeds, etc ...................................951
A. Plaints and Written Statements ....................................... 951
1. Plaint ................................................................................. 951
2. Written Statement ............................................................. 953
GENERAL DEFENCES (SCH A, APP I, C P CODE) ..............................954
FORMS OF PLEADINGS IN CPC—SCH I ..........................................955
Written Statements ..................................................................... 957
3. Suit for Ejectment of a Premises Tenant under Section
13 of the W. B. Premises Tenancy Act, 1956 .................... 957
4. Suit for Declaration and Permanent Injunction ................ 960
5. Suit for House Rent .......................................................... 963
6. Suit on a Simple Money Bond .......................................... 963
7. Written Statement in the Above Suit................................ 964
8. Suit on a Promissory Note and in the Alternative on
Original Consideration ...................................................... 965
9. Written Statement in the above Suit ................................ 965
10. Suit for Goods Sold and Delivered ................................... 966
11. Written Statement in the above Suit ................................ 966
12. Suit by Purchaser for not Delivering Goods ..................... 967
13. Suit for Dissolution of Partnership ................................... 967
14. Written Statement in the above Suit ................................ 968
15. Suit for Right of Easement of Way and for Injunction ..... 969
16. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 969
17. Suit for Malicious Prosecution .......................................... 970
18. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 971
19. Suit for Maintenance ......................................................... 972
20. Suit for Administration by a Pecuniary Legatee ................ 972
21. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 973
22. Suit for Sale or Foreclosure on Mortgage Bond ................. 974
23. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 975
24. Suit on an Usufructuary or Anomalous Mortgage Bond ... 976
25. Written Statement in the above Suit ................................ 976
26. Redemption Suit ............................................................... 977
27. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 979
28. Suit for Ejectment after Notice ......................................... 979
29. Written Statement in the above Suit ................................ 980
30. Suit for Possession under S. 6. Specific Relief Act ............ 981
31. Defence in the Above Suit ................................................ 981
32. Suit for Contribution ........................................................ 982
33. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 983
34. Suit for Partition ............................................................... 983
35. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 984
36. Suit for Recovery of Possession of Property on the
Basis of Title ...................................................................... 984
37. Defence in the above Suit ................................................. 985
38. Suit by Principal against Agent for Accounts .................... 986
39. Written Statement in the above Suit ................................ 987
40. Suit for Recovery of Possession of Premises on the Efflux of
Period of Registered Lease .................................................. 987
40 A. Suit for Dissolution of Marriage under Section 13 of the
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 ................................................ 989
40-B. Suit against Trustees against Illegal Acts of Trustees by a
Person Interested in the Trust ............................................ 991
B. Forms of Important Petitions.......................................... 994
41. An Application under Or 6, r 17 of the C P Code and under s
151 of C P Code ................................................................ 994
41A. Claim to Attached Property (Or 21, r 58) ........................ 995
42. Application for setting aside Sale by Deposit of Decretal
Amount (Or 21, r 89) ....................................................... 996
43. Application for setting aside Sale under Or 21, r 90,
C P Code............................................................................ 997
44. Application to set aside an Ex parte Decree (Or 9,
r 13, C P Code) ................................................................. 998
45. Application for Attachment before Judgment
(Or 38, r 5) ........................................................................ 999
46. Application for Transfer of Decree to another Court for
Execution (S 39, C P Code) ............................................ 1000
47. Objection by Judgment-debtor under S 47, C P Code .. 1001
48. Restitution of Property (S 144, C P Code) .................... 1002
49. Application for Probate, or Letters of Administration
with Will Annexed ........................................................... 1003
50. Application for Letters of Administration ....................... 1005
51. Notice of Application for Probate of Letters of
Administration .................................................................... 1006
52. Applications for Appointment of a Guardian .................. 1006
52. Applications for Appointment of a Guardian .................. 1006
53. Application for a Succession Certificate .......................... 1008
54. Application for the Appointment of Guardian of a Lunatic ..... 1010
55. Debtor’s Petition for Insolvency ...................................... 1011
56. Creditor’s Petition for Insolvency .................................... 1012
57. Claim in Land Acquisition Case ...................................... 1013
58. Reference under S 18 of the Land Acquisition Act
to the Civil Court ............................................................ 1014
59. Memorandum of Appeal ................................................. 1014
60. Form of Affidavit ............................................................. 1015
C. Model Deeds, etc ......................................................... 1016
61. General Power-of-Attorney .............................................. 1016
62. Special Power-of-Attorney ............................................... 1018
63. Lease ................................................................................ 1018
64. Simple Mortgage Bond ................................................... 1019
65. Mortgage Bond by Conditional Sale ............................... 1021
66. Bond ................................................................................ 1022
67. Gift .................................................................................. 1022
68. Will ................................................................................. 1024
69. Agreement for the Sale of Property ................................. 1025
70. Conveyance ...................................................................... 1027
71. Partition Deed ................................................................. 1028
72. Arbitration Bond ............................................................. 1029
D. Letter of Demand, Notice, etc ...................................... 1030
73. Simple Letter of Demand ................................................ 1030
74. Notice of Ejectment under S 106 of the Transfer of
Property Act ..................................................................... 1030
75. Notice to Determine a Leave by a Tenant ....................... 1031
76. Notice to Quit ................................................................. 1031
77. Demand Notice ............................................................... 1032
78. Notice of Ejectment ........................................................ 1033
79. Notice of Ejectment for Default in Payment of Rent
under s 13(6) of W. B. Premises Tenancy Act, 1956 ...... 1034
80. Notice of Revocation of Licence ...................................... 1034
E. Additional Forms ......................................................... 1035
(A) Suit for Declaration and Injunction Valued at Rs. 100/- 1035
(B) Suit for declaration and injunction valued at Rs. 100/- . 1039
(C) Suit for Declaration and Injunction Valued at Rs. 100/- 1043
(D) Suit for Recovery of Amount .......................................... 1047
(E) Suit for Recovery of Possession of Flat ............................ 1050
(F) Written Statement in Ejectment Suit ............................. 1053
(G) Application under Or 39, rr 1 and 2 of the C P Code .... 1055
Index ......................................................................................... 1059
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