Mlj Code Of Civil Procedure (4 Vols)

The MLJ commentary on the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 is a classic work. It occupies a premier place in the legal world; its weight and authority is undisputed. This current edition, in four volumes, surpasses any comparable work. It is detailed, reliable, authentic and vast coverage of judicial exposition. This edition has updated case law and judgments of outstanding value.

THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908
(ACT NO. V OF 1908)
VOLUME I
CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY
SECTION ................................................................................................................................................ PAGE
1. Short title, commencement and extent ......................................................................................... 9
2. Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 16
3. Subordination of Courts ............................................................................................................. 74
4. Savings ....................................................................................................................................... 76
5. Application of the Code to Revenue Courts ............................................................................. 79
6. Pecuniary jurisdiction ................................................................................................................. 80
7. Provincial Small Cause Courts .................................................................................................. 82
8. Presidency Small Cause Courts ................................................................................................. 84
PART I
SUITS IN GENERAL
Jurisdiction of the Courts and Res Judicata
9. Courts to try all civil suits unless barred ................................................................................... 86
10. Stay of suit ............................................................................................................................... 193
11. Res Judicata .............................................................................................................................. 219
12. Bar to further suit ..................................................................................................................... 452
13. When foreign judgment not conclusive ................................................................................... 453
14. Presumption as to foreign judgments ...................................................................................... 471
Place of Suing
15. Court in which suits to be instituted ........................................................................................ 472
16. Suits to be instituted where subject-matter situate .................................................................. 477
17. Suits for immovable property situate within jurisdiction of different Courts ........................ 485
18. Place of institution of suit where local limits of jurisdiction of Courts are uncertain .......... 487
19. Suits for compensation for wrongs to person or movables .................................................... 488
20. Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises ..................... 490
21. Objections to jurisdiction ......................................................................................................... 538 21A. Bar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing .......................................... 553
22. Power to transfer suits which may be instituted in more than one Court .............................. 554
23. To what court application lies .................................................................................................. 557
24. General power of transfer and withdrawal .............................................................................. 559
25. Power of Supreme Court to transfer suits, etc. ....................................................................... 591
[ vii ]
Institution of Suits
26. Institution of Suits .................................................................................................................... 594 Summons and Discovery
27. Summons to defendants ............................................................................................................ 598
28. Service of summons where defendant resides in another State .............................................. 600
29. Service of foreign summonses ................................................................................................. 601
30. Power to order discovery and the like ..................................................................................... 601
31. Summons to witness ................................................................................................................. 604
32. Penalty for default .................................................................................................................... 604 Judgment and Decree
33. Judgment and decree ................................................................................................................ 606
Interest
34. Interest ...................................................................................................................................... 609
Costs
35. Costs ......................................................................................................................................... 652
35A. Compensatory costs in respect of false or vexatious claims or defences .............................. 683
35B. Costs for causing delay ............................................................................................................ 689
PART II
EXECUTION
General
36. Application to orders ................................................................................................................ 694
37. Definition of Court which passed a decree ............................................................................. 696
Courts by which Decrees may be Executed
38. Court by which decree may be executed ................................................................................. 700
39. Transfer of decree ..................................................................................................................... 715
40. Transfer of decree to Court in another State ........................................................................... 726
41. Result of execution proceedings to be certified ...................................................................... 727
42. Powers of Court in executing transferred decree .................................................................... 729
43. Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts in places to which this Code does not extend ................................................................................................................................. 736
44. Execution of decree passed by revenue courts in places to which this Code does not extend ................................................................................................................................. 737 44A. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory .......................................... 737
45. Execution of decrees of outside India ..................................................................................... 740
46. Precepts .................................................................................................................................... 741 Questions to be Determined by Court Executing Decree
47. Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree ................................................... 743
48. Repealed.—S 48 has been repealed by S. 28 of Limitation Act, 1963 and its place has now been taken by Art. 136 of Limitation Act, 1963. ........................................... 832 Transferees and Legal Representatives
49. Transferee ................................................................................................................................. 834
50. Legal representative .................................................................................................................. 835
viii Contents Code of Civil Procedure
SECTION PAGE
Procedure in Execution
51. Powers of Court to enforce execution ..................................................................................... 842
52. Enforcement of decree against legal representative ................................................................ 863
53. Liability of ancestral property .................................................................................................. 871
54. Partition of estate or separation of share ................................................................................. 876 Arrest and Detention
55. Arrest and detention ................................................................................................................. 882
56. Prohibition of arrest or detention of women in execution of decree for money ................... 887
57. Subsistence allowance .............................................................................................................. 887
58. Detention and release ............................................................................................................... 888
59. Release on ground of illness .................................................................................................... 892 Attachment
60. Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of decree ............................................... 894
61. Partial exemption of agricultural produce ............................................................................... 932
62. Seizure of property in dwelling-house ..................................................................................... 933
63. Property attached in execution of decrees of several Courts ................................................. 933
64. Private alienation of property after attachment to be void ..................................................... 938
Sale
65. Purchaser’s title ........................................................................................................................ 951
66. Suit against purchaser not maintainable on ground of purchase being on behalf of plaintiff ................................................................................................................................ 955
67. Power for State Government to make rules as to sales of land in execution of decrees for payment of money ................................................................................................. 964
Delegation to Collector of Power to Execute Decrees
against Immovable Property
68-72. Omitted [Omitted by C P Code (Amendment) Act 66 of 1956] ............................................ 964
Distribution of Assets
73. Proceeds of execution sale to be rateably distributed among decree-holders ....................... 964
Resistance to Execution
74. Resistance to execution ............................................................................................................ 987
PART III
INCIDENTAL PROCEEDINGS
Commissions
75. Power of Court to issue commissions ..................................................................................... 988
76. Commission to another Court .................................................................................................. 991
77. Letter of request ........................................................................................................................ 991
78. Commissions issued by foreign courts .................................................................................... 991
PART IV
SUITS IN PARTICULAR CASES
Suits by or against the Government or Public Officers
in their Official Capacity
79. Suits by or against Government ............................................................................................... 992
80. Notice ....................................................................................................................................... 996
Code of Civil Procedure Contents ix
SECTION PAGE
81. Exemption from arrest and personal appearance .................................................................. 1040
82. Execution of decree ................................................................................................................ 1040
Suits by Aliens and by or against Foreign Rulers,
Ambassadors and Envoys
83. When aliens may sue .............................................................................................................. 1042
84. When foreign States may sue ................................................................................................. 1044
85. Persons specially appointed by Government to prosecute or defend on behalf of
foreign Rulers ......................................................................................................................... 1044
86. Suits against foreign Rulers, Ambassadors and Envoys ....................................................... 1045
87. Style of foreign Rulers as parties to suits .............................................................................. 1053
87A. Definitions of “foreign State” and “Ruler” ........................................................................... 1054
Suits against Rulers of Former Indian States
87B. Application of Sections 85 and 86 to Rulers of former Indian States ................................. 1055
Interpleader
88. Where interpleader suit may be instituted ............................................................................. 1058
PART V
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
Arbitration
89. Settlement of disputes outside the Court ............................................................................... 1061
Special Case
90. Power to state case for opinion of Court .............................................................................. 1072
Public Nuisances and other Wrongful Acts Affecting the Public
91. Public nuisances ...................................................................................................................... 1073
92. Public charities ....................................................................................................................... 1081
93. Exercise of powers of Advocate-General outside Presidency-towns ................................... 1132
PART VI
SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS
94. Supplemental proceedings ...................................................................................................... 1134
95. Compensation for obtaining arrest, attachment or injunction on insufficient grounds ........ 1140
PART VII
APPEALS
Appeals from Original Decrees
96. Appeal from original decrees ................................................................................................. 1149
97. Appeal from final decree where no appeal from preliminary decree .................................. 1210
98. Decision where appeal heard by two or more judges ........................................................... 1214
99. No decree to be reversed or modified for error or irregularity not affecting
merits or jurisdiction .............................................................................................................. 1218
99A. No order under Section 47 to be reversed or modified unless decision of the case is prejudicially affected ............................................................................................ 1228
Appeals from appellate decrees
100. Second appeal ......................................................................................................................... 1229
x Contents Code of Civil Procedure
SECTION PAGE
100A. No further appeal in certain cases ......................................................................................... 1380
101. Second appeal on no other grounds ....................................................................................... 1387
102. No second appeal in certain cases ......................................................................................... 1389
103. Power of High Court to determine issue of fact ................................................................... 1397
Appeals from Orders
104. Orders from which appeal lies ............................................................................................... 1404
105. Other orders ............................................................................................................................ 1414
106. What Courts to hear appeals .................................................................................................. 1423
General Provisions relating to Appeals
107. Powers of Appellate Court ..................................................................................................... 1424
108. Procedure in appeals from appellate decrees and orders ..................................................... 1440
Appeals to the Supreme Court
109. When appeals lie to the Supreme Court ................................................................................ 1441
110. Omitted [Omitted by Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) Act 49 of 1973]....................... 1451
111. Bar of certain appeals.—[Omitted by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950] ...................... 1451
111A. Appeals to Federal Court.—[Omitted by S. 2 of the Federal Court Act 21 of 1941] ........ 1451
112. Savings ................................................................................................................................... 1452
iii THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908
(ACT NO. V OF 1908)
VOLUME II
CONTENTS
PART VIII
REFERENCE, REVIEW AND REVISION
113. Reference to High Court .............................................................................................................. 1
114. Review ......................................................................................................................................... 6
115. Revision ..................................................................................................................................... 22
PART IX
SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE HIGH COURTS NOT BEING
THE COURT OF A JUDICIAL COMMISSIONER
116. Part to apply only to certain High Courts ............................................................................... 231
117. Application of Code to High Courts ....................................................................................... 231
118. Execution of decree before ascertainment of costs ................................................................ 232
119. Unauthorised persons not to address Court ............................................................................ 232
120. Provisions not applicable to High Court in original civil jurisdiction .................................. 232
PART X
RULES
121. Effect of rules, in First Schedule ............................................................................................. 234
122. Power of certain High Courts to make rules .......................................................................... 234
123. Constitution of Rule Committees in certain States ................................................................. 238
124. Committee to report to High Court ......................................................................................... 239
125. Power of other High Courts to make rules ............................................................................. 239
126. Rules to be subject to approval ............................................................................................... 239
127. Publication of rules .................................................................................................................. 240
128. Matters for which rules may provide ...................................................................................... 240
129. Power of High Courts to make rules as to their original civil procedure ............................. 241
130. Power of other High Courts to make rules as to matters other than procedure ................... 243
131. Publication of rules .................................................................................................................. 243
PART XI
MISCELLANEOUS
132. Exemption of certain women from personal appearance ....................................................... 244
133. Exemption of other persons ..................................................................................................... 246
134. Arrest other than in execution of decree ................................................................................. 247
135. Exemption from arrest under civil process ............................................................................. 247
135A. Exemption of members of legislative bodies from arrest and detention under civil process .............................................................................................................................. 249
[ iii ] iv
136. Procedure where person to be arrested or property to be attached is outside district .......... 250
137. Language of subordinate Courts .............................................................................................. 253
138. Power of High Court to require evidence to be recorded in English .................................... 254
139. Oath on affidavit by whom to be administered ...................................................................... 254
140. Assessors in causes of salvage, etc. ........................................................................................ 256
141. Miscellaneous proceedings ...................................................................................................... 257
142. Orders and notices to be in writing ......................................................................................... 268
143. Postage ..................................................................................................................................... 268
144. Application for restitution ........................................................................................................ 268
145. Enforcement of liability of surety ........................................................................................... 303
146. Proceedings by or against representatives .............................................................................. 321
147. Consent or agreement by persons under disability ................................................................. 330
148. Enlargement of time ................................................................................................................. 330
148A. Right to lodge a caveat ............................................................................................................ 353
149. Power to make up deficiency of Court-fees ........................................................................... 357
150. Transfer of business ................................................................................................................. 371
151. Saving of inherent powers of Court ........................................................................................ 374
152. Amendment of judgments, decree or orders ........................................................................... 500
153. General power to amend .......................................................................................................... 526
153A. Power to amend decree or order where appeal is summarily dismissed ............................... 532
153B. Place of trial to be deemed to be open Court ......................................................................... 534
154. Saving of present right of appeal—Repealed ......................................................................... 534
155. Amendment of certain Acts—Repealed .................................................................................. 534
156. Repeals ..................................................................................................................................... 534
157. Continuance of orders under repealed enactments ................................................................. 534
158. Reference to Code of Civil Procedure and other repealed enactments ................................. 535
THE FIRST SCHEDULE
ORDER I
PARTIES TO SUITS
RULE PAGE
1. Who may be joined as plaintiffs ............................................................................................. 537
2. Power of Court to order separate trials ................................................................................... 550
3. Who may be joined as defendants .......................................................................................... 550
3A. Power to order separate trials where joinder of defendants may embarrass or
delay trial ................................................................................................................................. 566
4. Court may give judgment for or against one or more of joint parties .................................. 567
5. Defendant need not be interested in all the relief claimed .................................................... 568
6. Joinder of parties liable on same contract .............................................................................. 568
7. When plaintiff in doubt from whom redress is to be sought ................................................. 569
8. One person may sue or defend on behalf of all in same interest .......................................... 570
8A. Power of Court to permit a person or body of persons to present opinion or to take part in the proceedings ............................................................................................................. 594
9. Misjoinder and non-joinder ..................................................................................................... 595
10. Suit in name of wrong Plaintiff ............................................................................................... 611
Court may strike out or add parties ......................................................................................... 611
Where defendant added, plaint to be amended....................................................................... 612 10A. Power of Court to request any pleader to address it .............................................................. 692
11. Conduct of suit ......................................................................................................................... 692
12. Appearance of one of several plaintiffs or defendants for others ......................................... 693
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
SECTION PAGE vv
13. Objections as to non-joinder or misjoinder ............................................................................ 693
ORDER II
FRAME OF SUIT
1. Frame of suit ............................................................................................................................. 696
2. Suit to include the whole claim ............................................................................................... 698
Relinquishment of part of claim .............................................................................................. 699
Omission to sue for one of several reliefs .............................................................................. 699
3. Joinder of causes of action ...................................................................................................... 736
4. Only certain claims to be joined for recovery of immovable property ................................. 741
5. Claims by or against executor, administrator or heir ............................................................. 743
6. Power of Court to order separate trials ................................................................................... 744
7. Objections as to misjoinder ..................................................................................................... 745
ORDER III
RECOGNIZED AGENTS AND PLEADERS
1. Appearances, etc., may be in person, by recognised agent or by pleader ............................ 748
2. Recognised agents .................................................................................................................... 755
3. Service of process on recognised agent .................................................................................. 760
4. Appointment of pleader ........................................................................................................... 761
5. Service of process on pleader .................................................................................................. 778
6. Agent to accept service ............................................................................................................ 780
Appointment to be in writing and to be filed in Court .......................................................... 780
ORDER IV
INSTITUTION OF SUITS
1. Suits to be commenced by plaint ............................................................................................ 782
2. Register of suits ........................................................................................................................ 786
ORDER V
ISSUE AND SERVICE OF SUMMONS
Issue of Summons
1. Summons.................................................................................................................................. 788
2. Copy of plaint annexed to summons ....................................................................................... 792
3. Court may order defendant or plaintiff to appear in person .................................................. 794
4. No Party to be ordered to appear in person unless resident within certain limits ................ 794
5. Summons to be either to settle issues or for final disposal ................................................... 795
6. Fixing day for appearance of defendant ................................................................................. 796
7. Summons to order defendant to produce documents relied on by him ................................ 798
8. On issue of summons for final disposal, defendant to be directed to produce his witnesses .................................................................................................................................. 799
9. Delivery of summons by Court ............................................................................................... 799
9A. Summons given to the plaintiff for service ............................................................................ 803
10. Mode of service ........................................................................................................................ 804
11. Service on several defendants ................................................................................................. 806
12. Service to be on defendant in person when practicable, or on his agent ............................. 806
13. Service on agent by whom defendant carries on business ..................................................... 807
14. Service on agent in charge in suits for immovable property ................................................. 807
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE vi
15. Where service may be on an adult member of defendant’s family ....................................... 808
16. Person served to sign acknowledgment .................................................................................. 811
17. Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found ........................... 812
18. Endorsement of time and manner of service .......................................................................... 819
19. Examination of serving officer ................................................................................................ 820
19A. Simultaneous issue of summons for service by post in addition to personal service .......... 823
20. Substituted service .................................................................................................................... 827
Effect of substituted service ..................................................................................................... 829
Where service substituted, time for appearance to be fixed .................................................. 829
21. Service of summons where defendant resides within jurisdiction of another Court ............ 835
22. Service within Presidency-towns of summons issued by Courts outside ............................. 837
23. Duty of Court to which summons is sent ............................................................................... 837
24. Service on defendant in prison ................................................................................................ 838
25. Service where defendant resides out of India and has no agent ........................................... 839
26. Service in foreign territory through Political Agent or Court ............................................... 841 26A. Summonses to be sent to officers of foreign countries .......................................................... 844
27. Service on civil public officer or on servant of railway company or local authority .......... 845
28. Service on soldiers, sailors, or airmen .................................................................................... 846
29. Duty of person to whom summons is delivered or sent for service...................................... 846
30. Substitution of letter for summons .......................................................................................... 847
ORDER VI
PLEADINGS GENERALLY
1. Pleading ................................................................................................................................... 849
2. Pleading to state material facts and not evidence................................................................... 853
3. Forms of pleading .................................................................................................................... 884
4. Particulars to be given where necessary ................................................................................. 885
5. Further and better statement, or particulars ............................................................................ 894
6. Condition precedent ................................................................................................................. 898
7. Departure ................................................................................................................................. 900
8. Denial of contract ..................................................................................................................... 902
9. Effect of document to be stated ............................................................................................... 903
10. Malice, Knowledge, etc. .......................................................................................................... 903
11. Notice ....................................................................................................................................... 904
12. Implied contract, or relation .................................................................................................... 904
13. Presumptions of law ................................................................................................................. 905
14. Pleading to be signed ............................................................................................................... 905 14A. Address for service of notice ................................................................................................... 909
15. Verification of pleadings .......................................................................................................... 912
16. Striking out pleadings .............................................................................................................. 919
17. Amendment of pleadings ......................................................................................................... 921
18. Failure to amend after order .................................................................................................. 1044
ORDER VII
PLAINT
1. Particulars to be contained in plaint ...................................................................................... 1048
2. In money suits ........................................................................................................................ 1055
3. Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property ............................................... 1059
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE vii
4. When plaintiff sues as representatives .................................................................................. 1061
5. Defendant’s interest and liability to be shown ..................................................................... 1062
6. Grounds of exemption from limitation law .......................................................................... 1063
7. Relief to be specifically stated ............................................................................................... 1066
8. Relief founded on separate grounds ...................................................................................... 1086
9. Procedure on admitting plaint ................................................................................................ 1087
10. Return of plaint ...................................................................................................................... 1091
Procedure on returning plaint ................................................................................................ 1092
10A. Power of Court to fix a date of appearance in the Court where plaint is to be
filed after its return ................................................................................................................ 1107
10B. Power of appellate Court to transfer suit to the proper Court ............................................. 1108
11. Rejection of plaint .................................................................................................................. 1110
12. Procedure on rejecting plaint ................................................................................................. 1147
13. Where rejection of plaint does not preclude presentation of fresh plaint ........................... 1147
Documents relied on in plaint
14. Production of document on which plaintiff sues on relies .................................................. 1148
15. Statement in case of documents not in plaintiff’s possession or power ............................. 1153
16. Suits on lost negotiable instruments ...................................................................................... 1154
17. Production of shop-book ........................................................................................................ 1154
Original entry to be marked and returned ............................................................................. 1154
18 Inadmissibility of document not produced when plaint filed .............................................. 1156
ORDER VIII
WRITTEN STATEMENT, SET-OFF AND COUNTER-CLAIM
1. Written Statement ................................................................................................................... 1164
1A. Duty of defendant to produce documents upon which relief is claimed or relied upon by him ................................................................................................................. 1176
2. New facts must be specially pleaded .................................................................................... 1177
3. Denial to be specific .............................................................................................................. 1183
4. Evasive denial ......................................................................................................................... 1186
5. Specific denial ........................................................................................................................ 1187
6. Particulars of set-off to be given in written statement ......................................................... 1198
Effect of set-off ...................................................................................................................... 1198
6A. Counter-claim by defendant ................................................................................................... 1213
6B. Counter-claim to be stated ..................................................................................................... 1225
6C. Exclusion of counter-claim .................................................................................................... 1225
6D. Effect of discontinuance of suit ............................................................................................. 1226
6E. Default by plaintiff of reply to counter-claim ...................................................................... 1226
6F. Relief to defendant where counter-claim succeeds .............................................................. 1227
6G. Rules relating to written statement to apply ......................................................................... 1227

7. Defence or set-off founded upon separate grounds .............................................................. 1227
8. New ground of defence .......................................................................................................... 1228 8A. Duty of defendant to produce documents upon which relief is claimed by him................ 1228
9. Subsequent pleading ............................................................................................................... 1230
10. Procedure when party fails to present written statement called for by Court .................... 1237
ORDER IX
APPEARANCE OF PARTIES AND CONSEQUENCE OF NON-APPEARANCE
1. Parties to appear on day fixed in summons for defendant to appear and answer .............. 1259
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE viii
2. Dismissal of suit where summons not served in consequence of plaintiff’s failure to pay costs ............................................................................................................................. 1261
3. Where neither party appears, suit to be dismissed ............................................................... 1264
4. Plaintiff may bring fresh suit or Court may restore suit to file ........................................... 1268
5. Dismissal of suit where plaintiff, after summons returned unserved, fails for three months to apply for fresh summons ............................................................................ 1275
6. Procedure when only plaintiff appears .................................................................................. 1279
7. Procedure where defendant appears on day of adjourned hearing and assigns good cause for previous non-appearance .............................................................................. 1286
8. Procedure where defendant only appears ............................................................................. 1294
9. Decree against plaintiff by default bars fresh suit ................................................................ 1301
10. Procedure in case of non-attendance of one or more of several plaintiffs ......................... 1328
11. Procedure in case of non-attendance of one or more of several defendants ...................... 1328
12. Consequence of non-attendance, without sufficient cause shown, of party ordered to appear in person ................................................................................................................. 1329
Setting aside Decrees Ex parte
13. Setting aside decree ex parte against defendant ................................................................... 1329
14. No decree to be set aside without notice to opposite party ................................................. 1406
ORDER X
EXAMINATION OF PARTIES BY THE COURT
1. Ascertainment whether allegations in pleadings are admitted or denied ............................ 1408
1A. Direction of the court to opt for any one mode of alternative dispute resolution .............. 1410
1B. Appearance before the conciliatory forum or authority ....................................................... 1411
1C. Appearance before the court consequent to the failure of efforts of conciliation .............. 1411
2. Oral examination of party, or companion of party ............................................................... 1413
3. Substance of examination to be written ................................................................................ 1414
4. Consequence of refusal or inability of pleader to answer ................................................... 1414
iii
THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908
(ACT NO. V OF 1908)
VOLUME III
CONTENTS
ORDER XI
DISCOVERY AND INSPECTION
1. Discovery by interrogatories ........................................................................................................ 1
2. Particular interrogatories to be submitted ................................................................................... 6
3. Costs of interrogatories ................................................................................................................ 7
4. Form of interrogatories ................................................................................................................ 8
5. Corporations ................................................................................................................................ 8
6. Objections to interrogatories by answer ...................................................................................... 8
7. Setting aside and striking out interrogatories ............................................................................. 9
8. Affidavit in answer, filing ............................................................................................................ 9
9. Form of affidavit in answer ....................................................................................................... 10
10. No exception to be taken ........................................................................................................... 10
11. Order to answer or answer further ............................................................................................ 10
12. Application for discovery of documents ................................................................................... 11
13. Affidavit of documents .............................................................................................................. 16
14. Production of documents ........................................................................................................... 17
15. Inspection of documents referred to in pleadings or affidavits ............................................... 21
16. Notice to produce ....................................................................................................................... 24
17. Time for inspection when notice given ..................................................................................... 25
18. Order for inspection ................................................................................................................... 25
19. Verified copies ............................................................................................................................ 27
20. Premature discovery ................................................................................................................... 28
21. Non-compliance with order for discovery ................................................................................ 29
22. Using answers to interrogatories at trial ................................................................................... 34
23. Order to apply to minors ............................................................................................................ 34
ORDER XII
ADMISSIONS
1. Notice of admission of case ....................................................................................................... 35
2. Notice to admit documents ........................................................................................................ 36
2A. Document to be deemed to be admitted if not denied after service of notice to admit documents ......................................................................................................................... 38
3. Form of notice ............................................................................................................................ 38
3A. Power of Court to record admission ......................................................................................... 39
4. Notice to admit facts .................................................................................................................. 39
5. Form of admissions .................................................................................................................... 40
6. Judgment on admissions ............................................................................................................ 40
7. Affidavit of signature ................................................................................................................. 49
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE
[ iii ] iv
8. Notice to produce documents .................................................................................................... 49
9. Costs ........................................................................................................................................... 50
ORDER XIII
PRODUCTION, IMPOUNDING AND RETURN OF DOCUMENTS
1. Original Document to be produced at or before the settlement of issues ............................... 51
2. Effect of non-production of documents .................................................................................... 58
3. Rejection of irrelevant or inadmissible documents .................................................................. 67
4. Endorsements on documents admitted in evidence .................................................................. 69
5. Endorsements on copies of admitted entries in books, accounts and records ........................ 73
6. Endorsements on documents rejected as inadmissible in evidence ......................................... 74
7. Recording of admitted and return of rejected documents ........................................................ 74
8. Court may order any document to be impounded .................................................................... 75
9. Return of admitted documents ................................................................................................... 75
10. Court may send for papers from its own records or from other Courts ................................. 78
11. Provisions as to documents applied to material objects ........................................................... 80
ORDER XIV
SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES AND DETERMINATION OF SUIT ON ISSUES
OF LAW OR ON ISSUES AGREED UPON
1. Framing of issues ....................................................................................................................... 82
2. Court to pronounce judgment on all issues ............................................................................ 102
3. Materials from which issues may be framed .......................................................................... 119
4. Court may examine witnesses or documents before framing issues ..................................... 120
5. Power to amend, and strike out, issues ................................................................................... 121
6. Questions of fact or law may by agreement be stated in form of issues .............................. 126
7. Court, if satisfied that agreement was executed in good faith, may pronounce judgment .................................................................................................................................. 127
ORDER XV
DISPOSAL OF THE SUIT AT THE FIRST HEARING
1. Parties not at issue .................................................................................................................... 128
2. One of several defendants not at issue .................................................................................... 129
3. Parties at issue .......................................................................................................................... 130
4. Failure to produce evidence ..................................................................................................... 131
ORDER XVI
SUMMONING AND ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES
1. List of witnesses and summons to witnesses .......................................................................... 144
1A. Production of witnesses without summons ............................................................................. 144
2. Expenses of witness to be paid into Court on applying for summons .................................. 154
3. Tender of expenses to witness ................................................................................................. 157
4. Procedure where insufficient sum paid in ............................................................................... 159
Expenses of witnesses detained more than one day ............................................................... 160
5. Time, place and purpose of attendance to be specified in summons .................................... 162
6. Summons to produce document .............................................................................................. 162
7. Power to require persons present in Court to give evidence or produce document ............. 162 7A. Summons given to party for service ....................................................................................... 163
8. Summon how served ................................................................................................................ 164
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE v
9. Time for serving summons ...................................................................................................... 165
10. Procedure where witness fails to comply with summons ...................................................... 165
11. If witness appears, attachment may be withdrawn ................................................................. 168
12. Procedure if witness fails to appear ........................................................................................ 168
13. Mode of attachment .................................................................................................................. 170
14. Court may of its own accord summon as witnesses strangers to suit ................................... 170
15. Duty of persons summoned to give evidence or produce document .................................... 172
16. When they may depart ............................................................................................................. 172
17. Application of Rules 10 to 13 ................................................................................................. 173
18. Procedure where witness apprehended cannot give evidence or produce document ........... 173
19. No witness to be ordered to attend in person unless resident within certain limits ............. 173
20. Consequence of refusal of party to give evidence when called on by Court ....................... 177
21. Rules as to witnesses to apply to parties summoned ............................................................. 178 ORDER XVI-A ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES CONFINED OR DETAINED IN PRISONS
1. Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 181
2. Power to require attendance of prisoners to give evidence ................................................... 181
3. Expenses to be paid into Court ............................................................................................... 182
4. Power of State Government to exclude certain persons from the operation of Rule 2 .................................................................................................................................. 182
5. Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain cases .................. 182
6. Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody ............................................................................ 183
7. Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison ........................................ 183
ORDER XVII
ADJOURNMENTS
1. Court may grant time and adjourn hearing ............................................................................. 184
Costs of adjournment ............................................................................................................... 184
2. Procedure if parties fail to appear on day fixed ..................................................................... 198
3. Court may proceed notwithstanding either party fails to produce evidence, etc. ................. 211
ORDER XVIII
HEARING OF THE SUIT AND EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES
1. Right to begin ........................................................................................................................... 232
2. Statement and production of evidence .................................................................................... 235
3. Evidence where several issues ................................................................................................. 245
3A. Party to appear before other witnesses ................................................................................... 248
4. Recording of evidence ............................................................................................................. 254
5. How evidence shall be taken in appealable cases .................................................................. 263
6. When deposition to be interpreted .......................................................................................... 266
7. Evidence under Section 138 .................................................................................................... 266
8. Memorandum when evidence not taken down by Judge ....................................................... 266
9. When evidence may be taken in English ................................................................................ 267
10. Any particular question and answer may be taken down ...................................................... 268
11. Questions objected to and allowed by Court .......................................................................... 268
12. Remarks on demeanour of witnesses ...................................................................................... 268
13. Memorandum of evidence in unappealable cases .................................................................. 269
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE vi
14. Omitted [Omitted by Act 104 of 1976] .................................................................................. 270
15. Power to deal with evidence taken before another Judge ...................................................... 270
16. Power to examine witness immediately .................................................................................. 271
17. Court may recall and examine witness ................................................................................... 272 17A. Production of evidence not previously known or which could not be produced despite due diligence ................................................................................................................ 278
18. Power of Court to inspect ........................................................................................................ 282
19. Power to get statements recorded on commission .................................................................. 286
ORDER XIX
AFFIDAVITS
1. Power to order any point to be proved by affidavit ............................................................... 287
2. Power to order attendance of deponent for cross-examination ............................................. 296
3. Matters to which affidavits shall be confined ......................................................................... 299
ORDER XX
JUDGMENT AND DECREE
1. Judgment when pronounced .................................................................................................... 307
2. Power to pronounce judgment written by Judge’s predecessor ............................................. 314
3. Judgment to be signed ............................................................................................................. 317
4. Judgments of Small Cause Courts ........................................................................................... 322
Judgments of other Courts ....................................................................................................... 322
5. Court to state its decision on each issue ................................................................................. 333
5A. Court to inform parties as to where an appeal lies in cases where parties are not represented by pleaders ............................................................................................................ 336
6. Contents of decree .................................................................................................................... 337 6A. Preparation of decree ............................................................................................................... 342 6B. Copies of judgment when to be made available ..................................................................... 345
7. Date of decree ........................................................................................................................... 346
8. Procedure where judge has vacated office before signing decree ......................................... 349
9. Decree for recovery of immovable property........................................................................... 349
10. Decree for delivery of movable property ................................................................................ 351
11. Decree may direct payment by instalments ............................................................................ 353
Order, after decree, for payment by instalments .................................................................... 353
12. Decree for possession and mesne profits ................................................................................ 362
12A. Decree for specific performance of contract for the sale or lease of immovable property .................................................................................................................................... 395
13. Decree in administration suit ................................................................................................... 397
14. Decree in pre-emption suit ....................................................................................................... 400
15. Decree in suit for dissolution of partnership .......................................................................... 410
16. Decree in suit for account between principal and agent ........................................................ 413
17. Special directions as to accounts ............................................................................................. 417
18. Decree in suit for partition of property or separate possession of a share therein ............... 419
19. Decree when set-off or counter-claim is allowed ................................................................... 447
Appeal from decree relating to set-off or counter claim ........................................................ 447
20. Certified copies of judgment and decree to be furnished ...................................................... 448
ORDER XX-A
COSTS
1. Provisions relating to certain items ......................................................................................... 450
2. Costs to be awarded in accordance with the rules made by the High Court ........................ 450
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE vii
ORDER XXI
EXECUTION OF DECREES AND ORDERS
Payment under Decree
1. Modes of paying money under decree .................................................................................... 451
2. Payment out of Court to decree-holder ................................................................................... 463
Courts executing Decrees
3. Lands situate in more than one jurisdiction ............................................................................ 493
4. Transfer to Court of Small Causes .......................................................................................... 493
5. Mode of Transfer ...................................................................................................................... 494
6. Procedure where Court desires that its own decree shall be executed by another Court ........................................................................................................................................ 496
7. Court receiving copies of decree, etc., to file same without proof ....................................... 499
8. Execution of decree or order by Court to which it is sent .................................................... 500
9. Execution by High Court of decree transferred by other Court ............................................ 501
Application for execution
10. Application for execution ........................................................................................................ 501
11. Oral application ........................................................................................................................ 507
Written Application .................................................................................................................. 508 11A. Application for arrest to state grounds .................................................................................... 520
12. Application for attachment of movable property not in judgment-debtor’s possession ....... 521
13. Application for attachment of immovable property to contain certain particulars ............... 521
14. Power to require certified extract from Collector’s register in certain cases ........................ 522
15. Application for execution by joint decree-holder ................................................................... 523
16. Application for execution by transferee of decree ................................................................. 531
17. Procedure on receiving application for execution of decree ................................................. 553
18. Execution in case of cross-decrees .......................................................................................... 560
19. Execution in case of cross-claims under same decree ........................................................... 565
20. Cross-decrees and cross-claims in mortgage suits .................................................................. 567
21. Simultaneous execution ............................................................................................................ 567
22. Notice to show-cause against execution in certain cases ....................................................... 568
22A. Sale not to be set aside on the death of the judgment-debtor before the sale but after the service of the proclamation of sale .......................................................................... 582
23. Procedure after issue of notice ................................................................................................ 583
Process for Execution
24. Process for execution ............................................................................................................... 585
25. Endorsement on process .......................................................................................................... 588
Stay of Execution
26. When Court may stay execution ............................................................................................. 589 Power to require security from, or impose conditions upon, judgment-debtor .................... 590
27. Liability of judgment-debtor discharged ................................................................................. 592
28. Order of Court which passed decree or of Appellate Court to be binding upon Court applied to ........................................................................................................................ 592
29. Stay of execution pending suit between decree-holder and judgment-debtor ...................... 593
Mode of execution
30. Decree for payment of money ................................................................................................. 599
31. Decree for specific movable property ..................................................................................... 603
32. Decree for specific performance for restitution of conjugal rights, or for an injunction ................................................................................................................................. 605
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE viii
33. Discretion of Court in executing decrees for restitution of conjugal rights ......................... 621
34. Decree for execution of document, or endorsement of negotiable instrument ..................... 622
35. Decree for immovable property ............................................................................................... 624
36. Decree for delivery of immovable property when in occupancy of tenant .......................... 643
Arrest and Detention in The Civil Prison
37. Discretionary power to permit judgment-debtor to show cause against detention in prison ................................................................................................................................... 646
38. Warrant for arrest to direct judgment-debtor to be brought up ............................................. 652
39. Subsistence allowance .............................................................................................................. 654
40. Proceedings on appearance of judgment-debtor in obedience to notice or after arrest ....... 656
Attachment of Property
41. Examination of judgment-debtor as to his property ............................................................... 661
42. Attachment in case of decree for rent or mesne profits or other matter, amount of which to be subsequently determined ..................................................................................... 663
43. Attachment of movable property, other than agricultural produce, in possession of judgment-debtor ................................................................................................................... 664 43A. Custody of movable property .................................................................................................. 671
44. Attachment of agricultural produce ......................................................................................... 675
45. Provisions as to agricultural produce under attachment ........................................................ 676
46. Attachment of debt, share and other property not in possession of judgment-debtor .......... 677
46A. Notice to garnishee ................................................................................................................... 686
46B. Order against garnishee ............................................................................................................ 687
46C. Trial of disputed questions ....................................................................................................... 687
46D. Procedure where debt belongs to third person ....................................................................... 687
46E. Order as regards third person .................................................................................................. 687
46F. Payment by garnishee to be valid discharge ........................................................................... 687
46G. Costs ......................................................................................................................................... 687
46H. Appeals .................................................................................................................................... 687
46I. Application to negotiable instruments ..................................................................................... 688
47. Attachment of share in movables ............................................................................................ 694
48. Attachment of salary or allowances of servant of the Government or railway company or local authority ...................................................................................................... 694
48A. Attachment of salary or allowances of private employees .................................................... 697
49. Attachment of partnership property ......................................................................................... 698
50. Execution of decree against firm ............................................................................................. 701
51. Attachment of negotiable instruments ..................................................................................... 710
52. Attachment of property in custody of Court or public officer .............................................. 710
53. Attachment of decrees .............................................................................................................. 716
54. Attachment of immovable property ......................................................................................... 724
55. Removal of attachment after satisfaction of decree ............................................................... 734
56. Order for payment of coin or currency notes to party entitled under decree ....................... 736
57. Determination of attachment .................................................................................................... 736
Adjudication of Claims and Objections
58. Adjudication of claims to, or objections to attachment of, property ..................................... 744
59. Stay of Sale ............................................................................................................................... 764
60-63. Rules 58, 59 substituted for rr 58-63 by Act 104 of 1976 .................................................... 797
Sale Generally
64. Power to order property attached to be sold and proceeds to be paid to person entitled ...................................................................................................................................... 798
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE ix
65. Sales by whom conducted and how made .............................................................................. 804
66. Proclamation of sales by public auction ................................................................................. 805
67. Mode of making proclamation ................................................................................................ 825
68. Time of sale .............................................................................................................................. 827
69. Adjournment or stoppage of sale ............................................................................................ 828
70. Omitted by Code of Civil Procedure (Am) Act 66 of 1956 .................................................. 832
71. Defaulting purchaser answerable for loss on re-sale .............................................................. 832
72. Decree-holder not to bid for or buy property without permission ........................................ 835
Where decree-holder purchases, amount of decree may be taken as payment ..................... 836
72A. Mortgagee not to bid at sale without the leave of the Court ................................................. 842
73. Restriction on bidding or purchase of officers ....................................................................... 845
Sale of movable property
74. Sale of agricultural produce ..................................................................................................... 845
75. Special provisions relating to growing crops ......................................................................... 846
76. Negotiable instruments and share in corporations .................................................................. 847
77. Sale by public auction .............................................................................................................. 847
78. Irregularity not to vitiate sale, but any person injured may sue ............................................ 848
79. Delivery of movable property, debts and shares .................................................................... 849
80. Transfer of negotiable instruments and shares ....................................................................... 850
81. Vesting order in case of other property ................................................................................... 850
Sale of Immovable Property
82. What Courts may order sales ................................................................................................... 850
83. Postponement of sale to enable judgment-debtor to raise amount of decree ....................... 851
84. Deposit by purchaser and re-sale on default .......................................................................... 852
85. Time for payment in full of purchase-money ......................................................................... 859
86. Procedure in default of payment ............................................................................................. 866
87. Notification on re-sale .............................................................................................................. 868
88. Bid of co-sharer to have preference ........................................................................................ 868
89. Application to set aside sale on deposit .................................................................................. 869
90. Application to set aside sale on ground of irregularity or fraud ........................................... 893
91. Application by purchaser to set aside sale on ground of judgment-debtor having no saleable interest ........................................................................................................................ 945
92. Sale when to become absolute or be set aside ....................................................................... 950
93. Return of purchase-money in certain cases ............................................................................ 968
94. Certificate to purchaser ............................................................................................................ 972
95. Delivery of property in occupancy of judgment-debtor ......................................................... 978
96. Delivery of property in occupancy of tenant .......................................................................... 987
Resistance to delivery of possession to decree-holder or purchaser
97. Resistance or obstruction to possession of immovable property ........................................... 990
98. Orders after adjudication ........................................................................................................ 1012
99. Dispossession by decree-holder or purchaser ....................................................................... 1017
100. Order to be passed upon application complaining of dispossession ................................... 1022
101. Questions to be determined ................................................................................................... 1028
102. Rules not applicable to transferee pendente lite ................................................................... 1034
103. Orders to be treated as decrees .............................................................................................. 1035
104. Order under Rule 101 or Rule 103 to be subject to the result of pending suit .................. 1037
105. Hearing of application ............................................................................................................ 1037
106. Setting aside orders passed ex parte etc. .............................................................................. 1039
iii
THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908
(ACT NO. V OF 1908)
VOLUME IV
CONTENTS
ORDER XXII
DEATH, MARRIAGE AND INSOLVENCY OF PARTIES
1. No abatement by party’s death, if right to sue survives ............................................................ 1
2. Procedure where one of several plaintiffs or defendants dies and right to sue survives ....... 18
3. Procedure in case of death of one of several plaintiffs or of sole plaintiff ............................ 26
4. Procedure in case of death of one of several defendants or of sole defendant ...................... 61 4A. Procedure where there is no legal representative .................................................................. 115
5. Determination of question as to legal representative ............................................................. 116
6. No abatement by reason of death after hearing ...................................................................... 123
7. Suit not abated by marriage of female party .......................................................................... 125
8. When plaintiff’s insolvency bars suit ...................................................................................... 126 Procedure where assignee fails to continue suit, or give security ......................................... 126
9. Effect of abatement or dismissal ............................................................................................. 127
10. Procedure in case of assignment before final order in suit ................................................... 146 10A. Duty of pleader to communicate to Court death of a party ................................................... 164
11. Application of Order to appeals .............................................................................................. 168
12. Application of Order to proceedings ....................................................................................... 173
ORDER XXIII
WITHDRAWAL AND ADJUSTMENT OF SUIT
1. Withdrawal of suit or abandonment of part of claim ............................................................. 178 1A. When transposition of defendants as plaintiffs may be permitted......................................... 217
2. Limitation law not affected by first suit ................................................................................. 220
3. Compromise of suit .................................................................................................................. 221
3A. Bar to suit ................................................................................................................................ 273
3B. No agreement or compromise to be entered in a representative suit without leave of Court .................................................................................................................................... 277
4. Proceedings in execution of decrees not affected .................................................................. 279
ORDER XXIV
PAYMENT INTO COURT
1. Deposit by defendant of amount in satisfaction of claim ...................................................... 281
2. Notice of deposit ...................................................................................................................... 282
3. Interest on deposit not allowed to plaintiff after notice ......................................................... 282
4. Procedure where plaintiff accepts deposit as satisfaction in part .......................................... 282
Procedure where he accepts it as satisfaction in full ............................................................. 282
iv Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE
ORDER XXV
SECURITY FOR COSTS
1. When security for costs may be required from plaintiff ........................................................ 284
2. Effect of failure to furnish security ......................................................................................... 288
ORDER XXVI
COMMISSIONS
Commissions to Examine Witnesses
1. Cases in which Court may issue commission to examine witness ........................................ 291
2. Order for commission .............................................................................................................. 298
3. Where witness resides within Court’s jurisdiction ................................................................. 299
4. Persons for whose examination commission may issue ......................................................... 299
4A. Commission for examination of any person resident within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court ........................................................................................................... 305
5. Commission or Request to examine witness not within India ............................................... 306
6. Court to examine witness pursuant to commission ................................................................ 307
7. Return of commission with depositions of witnesses ............................................................ 308
8. When depositions may be read in evidence ........................................................................... 308
Commissions for Local Investigations
9. Commissions to make local investigations ............................................................................. 310
10. Procedure of Commissioner ..................................................................................................... 322
Report and depositions to be evidence in suit ........................................................................ 323
Commissioner may be examined in person ............................................................................ 324
Commission for Scientific Investigation, Performance of
Ministerial Act and Sale of Movable Property
10A. Commission for scientific investigation .................................................................................. 332
10B. Commission for performance of a ministerial act .................................................................. 333
10C. Commission for the sale of movable property ....................................................................... 334
Commissions to Examine Accounts
11. Commission to examine or adjust accounts ............................................................................ 335
12. Court to give commissioner necessary instructions ............................................................... 336
Proceedings and report to be evidence, Court may direct further inquiry ............................ 336
Commissions to Make Partitions
13. Commission to make partition of immovable property .......................................................... 337
14. Procedure of Commissioner ..................................................................................................... 338
General Provisions
15. Expenses of commission to be paid into Court ...................................................................... 340
16. Powers of Commissioners ........................................................................................................ 343
16A. Questions objected to before the Commissioner .................................................................... 344
17. Attendance and examination of witnesses before commissioner ........................................... 344
18. Parties to appear before Commissioner ................................................................................... 345
18A. Application of Order to execution proceedings ...................................................................... 346
18B. Court to fix a time for return of commission ......................................................................... 347
v
Commissions Issued at the Instance of Foreign Tribunals
19. Cases in which High Court may issue commission to examine witness .............................. 347
20. Application for issue of commission ....................................................................................... 348
21. To whom commission may be issued...................................................................................... 348
22. Issue, execution and return of commissions and transmission of evidence to foreign Court ............................................................................................................................ 348
ORDER XXVII
SUITS BY OR AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT OR
PUBLIC OFFICERS IN THEIR OFFICIAL CAPACITY
1. Suits by or against Government .............................................................................................. 350
2. Persons authorised to act for Government .............................................................................. 350
3. Plaints in suits by or against Government .............................................................................. 352
4. Agent for Government to receive process .............................................................................. 352
5. Fixing of day for appearance on behalf of Government ........................................................ 353
5A. Government to be joined as a party in a suit against a public officer .................................. 354
5B. Duty of Court in suits against the Government or a public officer to assist in arriving at a settlement ............................................................................................................. 355
6. Attendance of person able to answer questions relating to suit against Government .......... 355
7. Extension of time to enable public officer to make reference to Government ..................... 355
8. Procedure in suits against public officer ................................................................................. 356
8A. No security to be required from Government or a public officer in certain cases ............... 356
8B. Definitions of Government and Government pleader ............................................................ 357
ORDER XXVII-A
SUITS INVOLVING A SUBSTANTIAL QUESTION OF LAW AS TO THE
INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OR AS TO
THE VALIDITY OF ANY STATUTORY INSTRUMENT
1. Notice to the Attorney-General or the Advocate-General ..................................................... 360 1A. Procedure in suits involving validity of any statutory instrument ......................................... 361
2. Court may add Government as party ...................................................................................... 361 2A. Power of Court to add Government or other authority as a defendant in a suit relating to the validity of any statutory instrument ................................................................ 362
3. Costs ......................................................................................................................................... 362
4. Application of Order to appeals .............................................................................................. 363
ORDER XXVIII
SUITS BY OR AGAINST MILITARY OR NAVAL MEN OR AIRMEN
1. Officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen who cannot obtain leave may authorise any person to sue or defend for them ............................................................................................ 364
2. Person so authorised may act personally or appoint pleader ................................................. 365
3. Service on person so authorised, or on his pleader, to be good service ............................... 365
ORDER XXIX
SUITS BY OR AGAINST CORPORATIONS
1. Subscription and verification of pleading ............................................................................... 366
2. Service on corporation ............................................................................................................. 371
3. Power to require personal attendance of officer of corporation ............................................ 373
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE
vi
ORDER XXX
SUITS BY OR AGAINST FIRMS AND PERSONS CARRYING ON
BUSINESS IN NAMES OTHER THAN THEIR OWN
1. Suing of partners in name of firm ........................................................................................... 374
2. Disclosure of partner’s names ................................................................................................. 385
3. Service ...................................................................................................................................... 387
4. Right of suit on death of partner ............................................................................................. 390
5. Notice in what capacity served ................................................................................................ 393
6. Appearance of partners ............................................................................................................ 394
7. No appearance except by partners ........................................................................................... 395
8. Appearance under protest ........................................................................................................ 395
9. Suits between co-partners ........................................................................................................ 397
10. Suit against person carrying on business in name other than his own ................................. 397
ORDER XXXI
SUITS BY OR AGAINST TRUSTEES, EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS
1. Representation of beneficiaries in suits concerning property vested in trustees, etc. .......... 401
2. Joinder of trustees, executors and administrators ................................................................... 403
3. Husband of married executrix not to join ............................................................................... 403
ORDER XXXII
SUITS BY OR AGAINST MINORS AND PERSONS
OF UNSOUND MIND
1. Minor to sue by next friend ..................................................................................................... 404
2. Where suit is instituted without next friend, plaint to be taken off the file ......................... 409
2A. Security to be furnished by next friend when so ordered ...................................................... 411
3. Guardian for the suit to be appointed by Court for minor defendant ................................... 411
3A. Decree against minor not to be set aside unless prejudice has been caused to his interest ................................................................................................................................ 426
4. Who may act as next friend or be appointed guardian for the suit ....................................... 427
5. Representation of minor by next friend or guardian for the suit ........................................... 435
6. Receipt by next friend or guardian for the suit of property under decree for minor ........... 436
7. Agreement or compromise by next friend or guardian for the suit ....................................... 438
8. Retirement of next friend ......................................................................................................... 452
9. Removal of next friend ............................................................................................................ 452
10. Stay of proceedings on removal, etc of next friend ............................................................... 454
11. Retirement, removal or death of guardian for the suit ........................................................... 454
12. Course to be followed by minor plaintiff or applicant on attaining majority ....................... 455
13. Where minor co-plaintiff attaining majority desires to repudiate suit .................................. 458
14. Unreasonable or improper suit ................................................................................................ 458
15. Rules 1 to 14 (except Rule 2A) to apply to persons of unsound mind ................................ 459
16. Savings ..................................................................................................................................... 465
ORDER XXXIIA
SUITS RELATING TO MATTERS CONCERNING THE FAMILY
1. Application of the Order .......................................................................................................... 466
2. Proceedings to be held in camera ............................................................................................ 467
3. Duty of Court to make efforts for settlement ......................................................................... 467
4. Assistance of welfare expert .................................................................................................... 467
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE vii
5. Duty to inquire into facts ......................................................................................................... 468
6. “Family”—meaning of ............................................................................................................. 468 ORDER XXXIII SUITS BY INDIGENT PERSONS
1. Suits may be instituted in forma pauperis .............................................................................. 469 1A. Inquiry into the means of an indigent person ......................................................................... 488
2. Contents of application ............................................................................................................ 489
3. Presentation of application ....................................................................................................... 492
4. Examination of applicant ......................................................................................................... 495
If presented by agent, Court may order applicant to be examined by commission ............. 496
5. Rejection of application ........................................................................................................... 496
6. Notice of day for receiving evidence of applicant’s indigency ............................................. 509
7. Procedure at hearing ................................................................................................................. 511
8. Procedure if application admitted ............................................................................................ 515
9. Withdrawal of permission to sue as an indigent person ........................................................ 517
9A. Court to assign a pleader to an unrepresented indigent person ............................................. 521
10. Costs where indigent person succeeds .................................................................................... 521
11. Procedure where indigent person fails .................................................................................... 524
11A. Procedure where an indigent person’s suit abates .................................................................. 527
12. State Government may apply for payment of court-fees ....................................................... 528
13. State Government to be deemed a party ................................................................................. 528
14. Recovery of amount of court-fees ........................................................................................... 529
15. Refusal to allow applicant to sue as indigent person to bar subsequent application of like nature ............................................................................................................................. 530
15A. Grant of time for payment of court-fee .................................................................................. 533
16. Costs ......................................................................................................................................... 534
17. Defence by an indigent person ................................................................................................ 534
18. Power of Government to provide for free legal services to indigent persons ...................... 535
ORDER XXXIV
SUITS RELATING TO MORTGAGES OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
1. Parties to suits for foreclosure, sale and redemption ............................................................. 537
2. Preliminary decree in foreclosure suit ..................................................................................... 553
3. Final decree in foreclosure suit ............................................................................................... 559
4. Preliminary decree in suit for sale ........................................................................................... 561
Power to decree sale in foreclosure suit ................................................................................. 562
5. Final decree in suit for sale ..................................................................................................... 569
6. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for sale ........................................................... 583
7. Preliminary decree in redemption suit .................................................................................... 590
8. Final decree in redemption suit ............................................................................................... 596
8A. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for redemption .............................................. 601
9. Decree where nothing is found due or where mortgagee has been overpaid ....................... 601
10. Costs of mortgagee subsequent to decree ............................................................................... 602
10A. Power of Court to direct mortgagee to pay mesne profits ..................................................... 603
11. Payment of interest ................................................................................................................... 604
12. Sale of property subject to prior mortgage ............................................................................. 609
13. Application of proceeds ........................................................................................................... 610
14. Suit for sale necessary for bringing mortgaged property to sale ........................................... 611
15. Mortgages by the deposit of title-deeds and charges ............................................................. 617
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE viii
ORDER XXXV
INTERPLEADER
1. Plaint in interpleader-suits ....................................................................................................... 622
2. Payment of thing claimed into Court ...................................................................................... 622
3. Procedure where defendant is suing plaintiff ......................................................................... 623
4. Procedure at first hearing ......................................................................................................... 623
5. Agents and tenants may not institute interpleader-suits ......................................................... 623
6. Charge for plaintiff’s costs ...................................................................................................... 624
ORDER XXXVI
SPECIAL CASE
1. Power to state case for Court’s opinion .................................................................................. 625
2. Where value of subject-matter must be stated ........................................................................ 625
3. Agreement to be filed and registered as suit .......................................................................... 626
4. Parties to be subject to Court’s jurisdiction ............................................................................ 626
5. Hearing and disposal of case ................................................................................................... 626
6. No appeal from a decree passed under Rule 5 ....................................................................... 627
ORDER XXXVII
SUMMARY PROCEDURE
1. Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply ................................................... 628
2. Institution of summary suits .................................................................................................... 639
3. Procedure for the appearance of defendant ............................................................................ 644
4. Power to set aside decree ......................................................................................................... 663
5. Power to order bill, etc to be deposited with officer of Court .............................................. 667
6. Recovery of cost of noting non-acceptance of dishonoured bill or note .............................. 668
7. Procedure in suits ..................................................................................................................... 668
ORDER XXXVIII
ARREST AND ATTACHMENT BEFORE JUDGMENT
ARREST BEFORE JUDGMENT
1. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for appearance ............................ 670
2. Security .................................................................................................................................... 673
3. Procedure on application by surety to be discharged ............................................................. 674
4. Procedure where defendant fails to furnish security or find fresh security .......................... 674
Attachment before Judgment
5. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for production of property ......... 675
6. Attachment where cause not shown or security not furnished .............................................. 692
7. Mode of making attachment .................................................................................................... 694
8. Adjudication of claim to property attached before judgment ................................................ 695
9. Removal of attachment when security furnished or suit dismissed....................................... 695
10. Attachment before judgment not to affect rights of strangers, nor bar decree-holder from applying for sale ...................................................................................... 697
11. Property attached before judgment not to be re-attached in execution of decree ................ 698 11A. Provisions applicable to attachment ........................................................................................ 699
12. Agriculture produce not attachable before judgment ............................................................. 700
13. Small Cause Court not to attach immovable property ........................................................... 701
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE ix
ORDER XXXIX
TEMPORARY INJUNCTIONS AND INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS
TEMPORARY INJUNCTIONS
1. Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted ........................................................... 702
2. Injunction to restrain repetition or continuance of breach ..................................................... 815
2A. Consequence of disobedience or breach of injunction ........................................................... 837
3. Before granting injunction, Court to direct notice to opposite party .................................... 848
3A. Court to dispose of application for injunction within thirty days ......................................... 856
4. Order for injunction may be discharged, varied or set aside ................................................. 858
5. Injunction to corporation binding on its officers .................................................................... 863
Interlocutory Orders
6. Power to order interim sale ..................................................................................................... 864
7. Detention, preservation, inspection, etc. of subject-matter of suit ........................................ 865
8. Application for such orders to be made after notice .............................................................. 868
9. When party may be put in immediate possession of land the subject-matter of suit ........... 869
10. Deposit of money, etc in Court ............................................................................................... 870
ORDER XL
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVERS
1. Appointment of receivers ......................................................................................................... 873
2. Remuneration ............................................................................................................................ 915
3. Duties ....................................................................................................................................... 916
4. Enforcement of receiver’s duties ............................................................................................. 918
5. When Collector may be appointed receiver ............................................................................ 922
ORDER XLI
APPEALS FROM ORIGINAL DECREES
1. Form of appeal. What to accompany memorandum .............................................................. 925
Contents of memorandum ........................................................................................................ 926
2. Grounds which may be taken in appeal .................................................................................. 950
3. Rejection or amendment of memorandum .............................................................................. 955
3A. Application for condonation of delay ..................................................................................... 957
4. One of several plaintiffs or defendants may obtain reversal of whole decree where
it proceeds on ground common to all ..................................................................................... 962
Stay of Proceedings and of Execution
5. Stay by Appellate Court ........................................................................................................... 971
Stay by Court which passed the decree .................................................................................. 972
6. Security in case of order for execution of decree appealed from ......................................... 985
7. Omitted by para 3 and Sch 1 AILO 1937 .............................................................................. 989
8. Exercise of powers in appeal from order made in execution of decree ................................ 989
Procedure on Admission of Appeal
9. Registry of memorandum of appeal ........................................................................................ 989
10. Appellate Court may require appellant to furnish security for costs .................................... 991
Where appellant resides out of India ...................................................................................... 992
11. Power to dismiss appeal without sending notice to Lower Court ......................................... 994
11A. Time within which hearing under Rule 11 should be concluded ........................................ 1001
12. Day for hearing appeal ........................................................................................................... 1002
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE x
13. Appellate Court to give notice to Court whose decree appealed from ............................... 1003
14. Publication and service of notice of day for hearing appeal ............................................... 1004
Appellate Court may itself cause notice to be served .......................................................... 1004
15. Contents of notice .................................................................................................................. 1007
Procedure on hearing
16. Right to begin ......................................................................................................................... 1009
17. Dismissal of appeal for appellant’s default ........................................................................... 1009
Hearing appeal ex parte ......................................................................................................... 1010
18. Dismissal of appeal where notice not served in consequence of appellant’s failure to deposit costs ............................................................................................................................ 1015
19. Re-admission of appeal dismissed for default ...................................................................... 1017
20. Power to adjourn hearing and direct persons appearing interested to be made respondents ............................................................................................................................. 1024
21. Re-hearing on application of respondent against whom ex parte decree made ................. 1030
22. Upon hearing, respondent may object to decree as if he had preferred a separate appeal ..................................................................................................................................... 1032
Form of objection and provisions applicable thereto ........................................................... 1034
23. Remand of case by Appellate Court ..................................................................................... 1059
23A. Remand in other cases ........................................................................................................... 1085
24. Where evidence on record sufficient, Appellate Court may determine case finally .......... 1089
25. Where Appellate Court may frame issues and refer them for trial to Court whose decree appealed from ............................................................................................................. 1092
26. Findings and evidence to be put on record Objections to finding ...................................... 1103
Determination of Appeal ........................................................................................................ 1103
26A. Order of remand to mention date of next hearing ................................................................ 1103
27. Production of additional evidence in Appellate Court ......................................................... 1104
28. Mode of taking additional evidence ...................................................................................... 1145
29. Points to be defined and recorded ......................................................................................... 1146
Judgment in appeal
30. Judgment when and where pronounced ................................................................................ 1146
31. Contents, date and signature of judgment ............................................................................. 1148
32. What judgment may direct ..................................................................................................... 1159
33. Power of Court of Appeal ..................................................................................................... 1160
34. Dissent to be recorded ........................................................................................................... 1183
Decree in Appeal
35. Date and contents of decree ................................................................................................... 1183
Judge dissenting from judgment need not sign decree ........................................................ 1184
36. Copies of judgment and decree to be furnished to parties .................................................. 1185
37. Certified copy of decree to be sent to Court whose decree appealed from ........................ 1185
ORDER XLII
APPEALS FROM APPELLATE DECREES
1. Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 1191
2. Power of Court to direct that the appeal be heard on the question formulated by it ......... 1194
3. Application of Rule 14 of Order XLI ................................................................................... 1195
ORDER XLIII
APPEALS FROM ORDERS
1. Appeals from orders ............................................................................................................... 1198
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE
xi
1A. Right to challenge non-appealable orders in appeal against decrees .................................. 1229
2. Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 1232
ORDER XLIV
APPEALS BY INDIGENT PERSONS
1. Who may appeal as an indigent person ................................................................................ 1234
2. Grant of time for payment of Court-fee ................................................................................ 1238
3. Inquiry as to whether applicant is an indigent person ......................................................... 1238 ORDER XLV APPEALS TO THE SUPREME COURT
1. “Decree” defined .................................................................................................................... 1242
2. Application to Court whose decree complained of .............................................................. 1242
3. Certificate as to value or fitness ............................................................................................ 1244
4. Omitted by C P Code (Amendment) Act 49 of 1973. ......................................................... 1246
5. Omitted by C P Code (Amendment) Act 49 of 1973. ......................................................... 1246
6. Effect of refusal of certificate ................................................................................................ 1246
7. Security and deposit required on grant of certificate ........................................................... 1246
8. Admission of appeal and procedure thereon ........................................................................ 1251
9. Revocation of acceptance of security .................................................................................... 1252
9A. Power to dispense with notices in cases of deceased parties .............................................. 1252
10. Power to order further security or payment .......................................................................... 1253
11. Effect of failure to comply with order .................................................................................. 1254
12. Refund of balance deposit ..................................................................................................... 1254
13. Powers of Court pending appeal ........................................................................................... 1255
14. Increase of security found inadequate ................................................................................... 1257
15. Procedure to enforce orders of the Supreme Court .............................................................. 1258
16. Appeal from order relating to execution ............................................................................... 1262
17. Appeals to Federal Court ....................................................................................................... 1262
ORDER XLVI
REFERENCE
1. Reference of question to High Court .................................................................................... 1265
2. Court may pass decree contingent upon decision of High Court ........................................ 1267
3. Judgment of High Court to be transmitted and case disposed of accordingly ................... 1267
4. Costs of reference to High Court .......................................................................................... 1267
4A. Reference to High Court under proviso to Section 113 ....................................................... 1267
5. Power to alter etc., decree of Court making reference ........................................................ 1267
6. Power to refer to High Court questions as to jurisdiction in small causes ......................... 1268
7. Power to District Court to submit for revision proceedings had under mistake as to jurisdiction in small causes .................................................................................................... 1268
ORDER XLVII
REVIEW
1. Application for review of Judgment ..................................................................................... 1270
2. To whom applications for review may be made................................................................... 1321
3. Form of applications for review ............................................................................................ 1321
4. Application where rejected .................................................................................................... 1322
Application where granted ..................................................................................................... 1322
Code of Civil Procedure Contents
RULE PAGE xii
5. Application for review in Court consisting of two or more judges .................................... 1324
6. Application where rejected .................................................................................................... 1327
7. Order of rejection not appealable. Objections to order granting application ...................... 1327
8. Registry of application granted, and order for re-hearing ................................................... 1330
9. Bar of certain applications ..................................................................................................... 1331
ORDER XLVIII
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Process to be served at expense of party issuing ................................................................. 1332
Costs of service ...................................................................................................................... 1332
2. Orders and notices how served.............................................................................................. 1332
3. Use of forms in appendices ................................................................................................... 1333
ORDER XLIX
CHARTERED HIGH COURTS
1. Who may serve processes of High Court ............................................................................. 1334
2. Saving in respect of Chartered High Courts ......................................................................... 1334
3. Application of rules ................................................................................................................ 1334
ORDER L
PROVINCIAL SMALL CAUSE COURTS
1. Provincial Small Cause Courts .............................................................................................. 1337
ORDER LI
PRESIDENCY SMALL CAUSE COURTS
1. Presidency Small Cause Courts ............................................................................................. 1339
THE FIRST SCHEDULE — APPENDICES
FORMS
A.—PLEADINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 1342
1. Titles Of Suits ......................................................................................................................... 1342
2. Description of Parties in Particular Cases............................................................................. 1342
3. Plaints ..................................................................................................................................... 1343
4. Written Statements ................................................................................................................. 1360
B.—PROCESS ......................................................................................................................................... 1364
C.—DISCOVERY, INSPECTION AND ADMISSION .......................................................................................... 1372
D.—DECREES ......................................................................................................................................... 1375
E.—EXECUTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1396
F.—SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS ............................................................................................................ 1413
G.—APPEAL, REFERENCE AND REVIEW .................................................................................................... 1417
H.—MISCELLANEOUS.............................................................................................................................. 1422
THE SECOND SCHEDULE. — ARBITRATION
[Repealed by Act 10 of 1940] ................................................................................................ 1428
THE THIRD SCHEDULE. — EXECUTION OF DECREES BY COLLECTORS
[Omitted by Act 66 of 1956] .................................................................................................. 1428
Contents Code of Civil Procedure
RULE PAGE xiii
THE FOURTH SCHEDULE. — ENACTMENTS AMENDED.
[Repealed by Act 48 of 1952] ................................................................................................ 1428
THE FIFTH SCHEDULE. — ENACTMENT’S REPEALED
[Repealed by Act 17 of 1914] ................................................................................................ 1428
APP. 1. LETTERS PATENT ....................................................................................................................... 1429
APP. 2. THE ARBITRATION & CONCILIATION ACT, 1996 ......................................................................... 1439
APP. 3. THE LEGAL SERVICES AUTHORITIES ACT, 1987 ......................................................................... 1561